Madness in Love in William Shakespeare Essay

Madness in Love in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† There are many definitions for love, but there are also many definitions for madness. Both words, when joined together, create an endless possibility of emotions and actions one can bare to hold for the sake of another. Madness can be described as â€Å"senseless folly†. When a person is in love with another, they tend to define their feelings of passionate affection for this other person. Shakespeare’s concept was to involve some of his characters with this feeling. In Twelfth Night, madness is created by the misconception and misunderstanding due to love. Mainly, it is said that Love is one of the most significant types of madness. It leads to causes like confusion and chaos in mind, mentality, and behavior. In the Twelfth Night, the Duke Orsino falls madly in love with Olivia. Orsino describes his love towards Olivia deeper than he could imagine, â€Å"So full of shapes is fancy, that it alone is high fantastical†. Orsino loses his focus on reality as he says â€Å"For such as I am all true lovers are. Unstaid and skittish in all motions else, save in the constant image of the creature, that is beloved. †(P. 34) The only thing that is real for him at the moment is anything that has to do with his â€Å"beloved creature†, the beautiful Olivia. We also see Olivia’s senseless acts come to play as she finds herself smitten after her first encounter with Cesario: †I do I know not what, and fear to find. Mine eye too great a flatterer of my mind. [†¦]What is decreed must be – and be this so! †(P. 24) Olivia finds herself unable to think properly because she is so distracted and flustered by the attractive looks of Cesario. Another interpretation could be that Olivia’s affection has been taken and used up by Cesario due to the loss of her brother and she refuses to share her love with anyone else. Later on in the play Malvolio’s madness changes from the state of being madly in love and committing crazy acts of devotion to the state of being in madness or chaos because of the misunderstanding of the situation. He thinks it was Olivia who wrote the trick note when it was really Maria, Toby, and Andrew who tried to trick him. They created a letter, pretending to be Olivia, telling Malvolio what will make her happy. The letter did not even state that it was Olivia, but because Malvolio was excited to gain her favor he jumped to the conclusion that it was her. Malvolio’s infatuation for Olivia was so great it clouded his ability to think properly. â€Å"Daylight and champion discovers not more! †, is Malvolio’s first comment as he finished reading. He was so desperate to please Olivia and gain her love, he jumps straight to the conclusion that she wrote the letter for him. The little acts of devotion Maria mentioned in the letter were so absurd Malvolio was willingly ready to fulfill all of them: â€Å"I do not now fool myself, to let imagination jade me, for every reason excites to this, that my lady love me. I will be strange, stout, in yellow stockings, and cross-gartered, even with the swiftness of putting on. †(P. 44) Malvolio enters into a state of madness and confusion because he feels no one else knows what he is talking about. Whether madness was created due to acting foolishly because of an infatuated feeling or acting with intense emotion over someone you really care about, all these situations were because of love. In the words of Friedrich Nietzsche, â€Å"there is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness†. Shakespeare’s characters Orsino, Olivia, and Malvolio, all had a cause for their madness, and it was because of their love for somebody else. Sometimes it is a feeling that comes over you that you think is love but it doesn’t have to mean that it is simultaneously true.

Elie Wiesel: a survivor of the Holocaust Essay

As a survivor of the inhumane, annihilating Holocaust, Elie Wiesel once said, â€Å"Having survived by chance, I was duty–bound to give meaning to my survival.†(â€Å"Having Survived†1). Elie Wiesel did not know at the time that he had a reason for surviving this tragedy, but soon realized that he survived to offer a story and message about the horrors of that time to a world that often seemed to block it out completely and forget (â€Å"Having Survived†1).To spread his message to the world, which is one of peace, redemption, and human nobleness, Wiesel speaks all over the world as a public orator. (â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 3). Elie Wiesel, an influential speaker and writer of the 1940s to present times, helped to render a further understanding of the abomination of The Holocaust through eloquence and deep thought, elaborate actions, and most of all, his strong traditional values. Elie Wiesel, a strong, courageous man, was subject to onerous acts in his childhood, yet in his present day, he discusses topics, such as hatred, all around the world with teenagers and adults(â€Å"Having Survived† 1). Born in Sighet, Transylvania on September 30, 1928, Wiesel lived an unexampled childhood(Berenbaum 2). In a lecture, he once said, â€Å"When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy.. Wherever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion or political views, that place must–at the moment– become the center of the universe†(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). This quote symbolizes Wiesel’s view of the treacherous Holocaust, an event that changed mankind(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). As conditions of living began to change around Europe, 15 year old Wiesel’s life took a 360 degree turn for the worse when he and his family were taken to one of the many concentration camps set up by the NAZI leaders, at Birkenau and Auschwitz(Berenbaum 2). Wiesel was kept at this camp until January 1945, when at that point, he was sent with thousands of other Jewish prisoners to Buchenwald in a forced death march which was designed to kill the remaining prisoners, but ended up getting saved by the Allies(Berenbaum 2). When the war finally ended, Wiesel decided to go to secondary school in France and broaden his skills, where he studied journalism and began working for an Israeli newspaper, which helped him develop the expressiveness he has today(Berenbaum 2). Determined to get his message to the world, Wiesel began to write books about his experiences, such as his most famous work, Night, which is known today as one of the most  influential books of Holocaust literature(â €Å"Elie Wiesel†2). In this novel, Wiesel used his own experiences and memories while imprisoned to bring to life another character(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 2). This character was a vehicle for Wiesel to express his feelings of sadness and despair because he survived, when others did not(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 2). After the fame of his novel, Wiesel became a professor of humanities at Boston University in 1976, and began to speak to students about the struggles our world overcame(â€Å"Having Survived† 3). In a class, he once wisely said, â€Å"Without memory, there is no culture. Without memory, there would be no civilization, no society, no future† (â€Å"Without memory† 1). Wiesel wanted to stress the idea that without memory of what happened before, the future is doomed to make the same mistakes; accordingly, Wiesel was educated in sacred Jewish texts as a child, which he spoke about often(Berenbaum 2). When Wiesel began to travel and speak to keep the memories of his experi ences relevant, he became recognized worldwide and in 1986, became a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize for his work and speech on behalf of victims, families and people everywhere(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). Wiesel used the money from the Nobel Prize to found the Elie Wiesel Foundations for Humanity in the late 80s and early 90s(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). His foundation sponsors essay contests for college and high school students and gathers well-known people together from all over the world as one to discuss and debate many different kinds of topics such as prejudice and bias(â€Å"Having Survived 4†). Even today, Wiesel continues to travel in his old age and speak out against brutality and injustice, he has written over three dozen books(and has been the subject of at least two dozen), but even after he leaves this world his legacy will live on as being truly strong and brave(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). Wiesel originally represented just one of the victims of the problem our world faced in the 1930’s to 40’s(Koestler-Grack timeline). During this time, the people of Sighet, Transylvania happened to be improvident to what was occurring in the world. In a lecture, Elie Wiesel stated, â€Å"There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest,† which is ultimately what the people of this time were going to be forced to do(â€Å"There may† 1). This problem served as a major political issue, though the results were social. When Hitler rose to power in 1933, nobody knew or even thought that his dictatorship would lead to the deaths of over  fifty million people(â€Å"When Adolf† 1). In 1939, Germany sparked World War II with the invasion of Poland, and Hitler developed his desire for power(Koestler-Grack timeline). His â€Å"ethnic cleansings,† also known as genocide, led to what we know as â€Å"The Holocaust,† which occurred between 1933-1945(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). With the help of Hitler’s Nazi association, Germany systematically and slowly murdered millions of innocent people, like Jews and Gypsies(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). The Nazis’ overall plan was to take control of the majority of Europe and wipe out all of the European Jews in existence so he could bring out his new race of all blonde-haired, blue eyed citizens(â€Å"Having Survived†1). In the spring of 1944, the people of Sighet had their lives changed forever with the arrival of Adolf Eichmann to their town(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). Eichmann, the man who made all of the killing happen with his German policy, wrote that Jews in conquered countries could be taken without consent to concentration camps where people who held the title â€Å"enemies of the state† remained hostage and often ended up killed(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). Eichmann had orders from Hitler to extinguish an estimated 600,000 Romanian Jews in six weeks or less(â€Å" Having Survived† 2). By the end of those six weeks, the entire population of 15,000 Jews in Sighet were taken to camps, and Elie Wiesel contributed to that population(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). After surviving the war and the devastation, Elie knew that he had to make his voice heard about the horrors and his experiences; consequently, nobody in the world seemed to want to accept the fact that it had happened.(â€Å"Having Survived† 3). As he travels around the world today, he constantly says, â€Å"No human race is superior; no religious faith is inferior. All collective judgments are wrong. Only racists make them.†(â€Å"No Human† 1). Elie uses his skills as a speaker and orator to make the tragedy and truth known, for he brings out empathy for injustice during the process. As a social activist, through his writing and his speech, Wiesel used his work to solicit for Jews and for all of humanity(â€Å"Berenbaum 3). Wiesel survived, and uses his experiences to make the facts known so we never face a problem like this one again; moreover, his works speak of the need for people to feel compassion and gratitude for other human beings(â€Å"Having Survive d†3). When Wiesel speaks, he constantly says the same thing again and again: There is no compensation for what happened {in The Holocaust}. But at least a certain balance can be established that opposing fear there is hope, hope that when we remember the fear..  our memory becomes a shield for the future  (â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 3). Wiesel firmly believes that the efforts he has made and the efforts that others have made to keep the education of The Holocaust alive will prevent a devastation of that kind from happening again(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 3). His silence originally broke in the mid 1950s in an interview with Francois Mauriac, who was a novelist(â€Å"Having Survived† 2).While listening to his story, Mauriac felt moved and ultimately urged Wiesel to speak out and tell the world what he had seen and heard(â€Å"Having Survived† 2). Elie Wiesel serves as a major public orator and influential writer(Berenbaum 3). In addition to his writings and speeches regarding the persecution of the Jews, both in the past and in the present, Wiesel has made an effort to speak out on behalf of all races, genders, religions and national origins that have been persecuted(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 4). As a result and for times yet to come, Wiesel has been quoted saying, â€Å"There I am an optimist. I think it cannot happen again. I think the Holocaust was a unique event, therefore it will remain unique.†(â€Å"Elie Wiesel† 4). In 1978, Wiesel was asked by U.S President Jimmy Carter to be the head of his group that became known as the U.S Holocaust Memorial Council, which met with European officials to find information about other victims, visited concentration camps, and was responsible for the creation of the U.S Holocaust Museum in Washington D.C(â€Å"Having Survived† 4). Elie Wiesel’s words and novels act as a palliative to those who were subject to this historical event, and his words will continue to live on as a reminder in history. Through inspiration and eloquent speech and writing, Elie Wiesel continues to discern the disloyalty and cruelty of The Holocaust. Proudly, Wiesel travels the world giving life lectures, which have impacted and influenced the lives of many. His experiences help America, as an international unit, to prevent events like The Holocaust from repeating. As the years pass, Wiesel ages, yet his legacy will continue throughout the future generations.

Law of terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Law of terrorism - Essay Example The Terrorism Act 2000 criminalises terrorism while subsequent legislation like Anti-terrorism crime and security Act 2001 counters terrorism through port controls, forfeiture of terrorism linked assets and detention without trial. Intelligence surveillance is essential in protecting civil liberties and curtailing terrorism related activities in the UK. Other policy makers have asserted the intelligence surveillance intrudes the privacy of citizens and undermines democratic values. Surveillance activities entail intercepting communication channels such as telephone conversations, bugging, spying and entry and search missions in private properties. In the case of Malone v. Met Police Commissioner (no.2) (1979) 2 All ER 620, the plaintiff argued that the Crown had no any powers to tap telephones and that he had rights of privacy and confidentiality in respect of the telephone conversations2. However, the court dismissed the plaintiff claims on the basis that no particular privacy right had been infringed without molestation and telephone methods did not infringe any law. The plaintiff further argued that Article 8 of the 1950 Convention had conferred him the rights to privacy and family life. However, the plaintiff appealed the decision of the court in the case of Malone v. ... The new Acts provided the legal framework for surveillance tools and outlawed unlawful interception of telephone communications. However, the Interception of Communications Act 1985, allowed the Secretary of State to issue a warrant for the interception of conversations in furtherance of national security and prevention of serious crimes in the UK. Further, in the case of Halford v. UK (1997) 24 EHRR 523, the court held that citizens expect a reasonable degree of privacy in the workplace4. Accordingly, the UK courts have held that undercover police women cannot obtain incriminating evidence through befriending men who have been accused of murder since it is a violation of Code C of PACE5. The enactment of regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 paved way for the legal framework on interception of communications from suspected terrorists. Part II of the Act deals with covert surveillance and the code of practice during surveillance intelligence gathering. The Act defines the acts of the intelligence officers that can be construed as surveillance and includes the recording, observation, and listening of conversations of the communications. Section 26 of the RIPA ACT outlines the nature of intelligence including the directed intelligence and intrusive intelligence that will occur in private property or vehicle. The RIPA Act 2000 allows the public bodies to intercept telecom communications and use covert intelligence sources in promoting national security. Accordingly, the act allows the intelligence bodies to access decrypted data and conduct mass surveillance on transit data in order to uncover terrorism related activities. The intelligence authorities have the powers to monitor the internet activities and can

Life Experience Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life Experience - Personal Statement Example I recognized that I needed a mentor or role model that exemplified those characteristics, but I just didn't have the good fortune of finding one to which I could easily relate. In my earlier years, I dropped out of high school then ultimately obtained a GED so that I could pursue my dream of going back to school and study to become a nurse. I started in a college program, but dropped out. I'm sure my feelings of inadequacy about not being smart enough to do well in school were attributable in part to not completing high school. Additionally, I had gained more responsibility and as a result, less time to work on my own goals and objectives. I had gotten married and had children to care for, so the responsibility of managing a family and home along with making a commitment to a significant academic goal was difficult to imagine. Initially my husband was who I counted on for support and motivation. He and my children were my life and I was happy until circumstances ultimately led to a divorce. The life change and trauma of that event further reinforced my thoughts of inadequacy and I struggled with my "failure" in dealing with life. Of course, that was a fool ish thought since the experience ultimately demonstrated I had the strength to continue and to thrive regardless of his involvement, but that realization came much later. As a

Human Services Delivery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Services Delivery - Essay Example But now people worldwide really doubt whether the Red Cross, is really involved with the same mission. This is due to a series of mishandlings that the American Red Cross has been involved in the recent past, with respect to the relief efforts being carried out following the 9/11 attacks and the Hurricane Katrina in 2005. (www.associatedcontent.com ) Investigation of the response of the American Red Cross to the Hurricane Katrina emergency concentrating mainly the New Orleans area When the Hurricane Katrina crossed over to the US in 2005 and started to ravage the various parts of the US, the New Orleans and the Mississippi areas were the worst devastated. Most of the affected people in these areas felt that, the America Red Cross was very slow in their response to the disaster and the relief work was heavily crippled due to the inadequacy of the shelters across the affected areas of New Orleans and Mississippi. As a result of this they were not in a position to provide adequate food as well as other necessary facilities, which were quite essential for the people during their worst times. Indeed it was the coastal areas that were totally neglected by the Red Cross organization and they argued that there were logistical problems associated with it, since adequate shelters were not set up. It was a really appalling situation since the victims felt that they were neglected by the American Red Cross when compared to the huge funds and donations, which they had received from the American government. It was argued by most of the top officials of the American Red Cross that, the organization felt the need for setting up shelters in areas which did not have risk of getting flooded and was safe for the survivors of the Hurricane Katrina. Most of the people felt that the organization did not make its presence felt in the rural as well as the densely populated areas, which were in dire requirement for relief and rehabilitation. The flood hit areas did not have relief shelt ers and so adequate supply of food and relief materials could not be routed to these coastal areas. The officials also argued that the Hurricane affected areas was so vast that, the organization was not in a position to deal with such a situation properly and in a timely manner. These factors complicated and hampered the whole issue of the flood relief to the New Orleans and the Mississippi areas. The Officials also pinpointed the lack of fuel that was very much required for transporting the essential supplies to the affected areas. But when compared to these areas that were worst hit, the other areas that were present in the other states across the US, were served much better by the American Red Cross. The way the American Red Cross used the 6 core tasks of Case Management in managing the clients during the Katrina emergency. Case Management is a management system, which helps in the administration of the care for individuals who are in a serious state of disturbance both physicall y as well as mentally. Indeed it is through the process of the Case Management, that the people in any social organization are able to prolong and improve the quality of

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass Essay

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass - Essay Example It was Douglas’ firm belief in his abilities that empowered him to act as a revolutionary activist, who then played a key role in the abolitionist movement. The hard earned self-education also enabled Douglass to write his remarkable autobiography ‘Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave’, which details various aspects of his life as a slave and immorality of slavery itself. His escape from slavery was a major event narrated in his book that further determined the course of his life. In order to understand Douglas fight against slavery, it is important to identify the key motivations behind his struggle that will probably address how the slave became a citizen. Earlier in the story, Douglas describes a series of events in which he witnessed some acts of cruel brutality against fellow slaves in his early age. His mother passed away when he was seven but felt nothing difficult due to their forced separation a lot earlier. He saw Aunt Hesterâ₠¬â„¢s being cruelly whipped by his master till she was covered with blood. This event introduced him to the real and horrible character of slavery. In his own words, "it was the first of a long series of such outrages, of which I was doomed to be a witness and a participant. It struck me with awful force. It was the blood-stained gate, the entrance to the hell of slavery, through which I was about to pass. It was a most terrible spectacle" (Douglas, 1996). Douglas later describes of himself as being deeply affected by the singing of slaves in detail. He also narrates several events that left him with an immense hatred of slavery, including the brutal murder of Demby at the hands of Gore. Such brutal and inhumane occurrences motivated in him the utmost desire to escape from slavery. The prime event that helped him to determine his pathway and provoked in him the desire to gain knowledge occurred after he was removed from Colonel Lloyd's plantation to Baltimore, for serving the son of Hugh and Sophia Auld. It was here that he discovered the joy of learning when Sophia Auld taught him how to read a word using alphabets. However, Hugh Auld disliked his wife's efforts and forbade her by saying that, "If you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell. A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master - to do as he is told to do. Learning will spoil the best nigger in the world. Now if you teach that nigger how to read, there would be no keeping him" (Douglas, 1996). These words deeply convinced Douglas that learning was the pathway leading to ultimate freedom of a slave. After being sent back to the country from Baltimore, Douglas was eventually lent to Edward Covey for a year. Mr. Covey fed him enough food to eat but often whipped him for his awkwardness. Covey was known to be a slave-breaker and his cruel treatment crushed his strong spirit. One day, when Covey tried to tie him up, he strongly resisted and fought back. Douglas regards his fight with Covey and hi s surprising cowardly response as one of the major turning points in his slave career. According to him, "it rekindled the few expiring embers of freedom, and revived within me a sense of my own manhood. It recalled the departed self-confidence, and inspired me again with a determination to be free" (Douglas, 1996). He became confident in his belief that no matter how long he remains a slave, he will get freedom eventually. He also planned to escape with some fellow

A Supra-National Constitution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Supra-National Constitution - Assignment Example The concept of supremacy of EC law is directly related to the principle of direct effect, direct applicability, and self-execution. The first is pertinent to implementation while the others are to enforcement. It would certainly be impossible to achieve the objective of the Community if its laws cannot be implemented consistently among its members. In traditional international law, the determination of whether a certain provision is directly effective is decided by domestic law. It is also a domestic law that will determine what are the conditions under which such effectiveness applies. This traditional mechanism was short-circuited by the European Community due to its supra-national status and evolved the Community into a legal order sui generis. The principle of supremacy is implied in the very creation of the Community, this is the gist of several decisions of the European court justifying compliance with Community law. Its articulation was necessary for the enforcement of Community law through national authorities and courts. The determination of supremacy, direct effectiveness, direct applicability and self-execution of the provisions of Community law is done under the procedures and precepts of Community law. These doctrines are actually described as constitutionalizing; implementing supra-national effect of the treaty in its member states. As stated in Les Verts, â€Å"The EEC is a Community based on the rule of law, inasmuch as neither its Member States nor its institutions can avoid a review of the question whether the measures adopted by them are in conformity with the basic constitutional charter, the Treaty.†

The Services Sector Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Services Sector Marketing - Essay Example This will be important for the bank to win a larger client base by getting new clients and also maintaining its current clients. The HSBC bank is a major bank in the UK and has more assets than the rest of the banks. This aspect makes it less risky as compared to the other banks and it is able to pay for all the costs it incurs in the day to day running of the business. The service sector is also very important to the economic wellbeing of a country as it contributes a considerable amount to the GNP. The essay will therefore seek to impart knowledge about the services sector marketing. It will also explain about the gaps model and its usefulness in improving the effectiveness of marketing. This model was developed by authors and was based on the quality of service. The model was made based on the perceptions of the consumers towards the quality of service. It was concluded that the service quality depended on four gaps. Some in-depth measurement scales were developed a year later. Th e perceived service quality can be said to be the difference between the expectations of the consumer and their perceptions. This will depend on the four gaps' sizes and directions with respect to the way the service quality is delivered as per the requirement of the company (Vovici Cooperation, 2009, pg 1). The gaps are grouped into an overall customer gap which is further classified into provider gaps. The provider gap has 4 gaps. Under the provider gap, gap 1 is lack of knowledge of the customers' expectation; Gap 2 is the lack of proper designs and standards; Gap 3 is the lack of delivery as per the service standards; and finally Gap 4 is the lack of matching the performance according to the promises the organization made. The provider gaps are known as internal gaps. The overall objective is to close these gaps. The model aims at connecting the internal and external customers (Vovici Cooperation, 2009, pg 1). Customer gap The factors leading to customer gap include gap 1 which is the lack of knowledge about the customers' expectations. This can be resolved through research which is aimed at finding out the needs of the customers. Various methods can be used to collect data from the people. These methods include questionnaires, observations and interviews. Through this, the organization is able to identify the various needs of the people and thus structure the services to meet these needs (Vovici Cooperation, 2009, pg 1). Research is important because the organization would otherwise have offered its services in the way they deemed fit which could have been contrary to the customers' requirements. Structuring services that are as per the customers' requirement of the customers will attract more customers and this will be to the overall benefit of the organization. In addition to this, the customers are happy to contribute or give their opinion to the way certain services should be and therefore identify with the organization. Another factor that leads to c ustomer gap is gap 2 which is the failure to select the right designs and standards for a service. Wrong designs and standards lead to the development of services which are of poor quality and do not meet the customer's needs. The customer is the center of focus and if this customer is not happy with the services he or she is being offered this is not good for the business.  

An auteur and The Rear Window film Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An auteur and The Rear Window film - Assignment Example What is meant by the term genre? What genre is Rear Window and what recognizable elements are present in the film that help to identify its generic identity? A genre is any category that literature and art in general falls in. This takes into consideration the content, technique employed, style and the presentation of the subject matter. Music for instance, has different genre. This means that every type of music has a certain genre that it falls in. Rear Window film falls in drama film type of genre. This is because of a number of reasons. Firstly, there is intense display of emotions. The story is also based on real life issues that take place in everyday live activities. A drama film majorly focuses on such; emotions and being based on real life issues. 3. What are the principal themes in Rear Window? In other words, what is the film about? Bear in mind that this is a different issue than thinking about what happens in the film (though they are closely related of course). What are the bigger ideas to which the film is pointing us? There is the theme of conflict where there is some disagreement between Jefferies and himself, Jefferies and the neighbours and Jefferies and Stella. Jefferies is not ready to agree to what happened to him, being confined in a wheel chair. He is also not comfortable with what is happening to his neighbours. As a result, he sits to watch them, something that is making him to have a negative attitude towards marriage, leading to the second theme.

Functional Roles of Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Functional Roles of Managers - Essay Example Autocratic approach. This is the type of style in which, a leader instructs employees of what is to be done without leaving a room for deliberations. It is criticized for being non-participatory but if well utilized it is a source of effectiveness in work Democratic approach. This is a consultative approach in which the leader involves the employees in making decisions. Although the leader has the final authority for decision making, it is usually a participatory style. It is a kind of leadership very popular amongst employees. Delegative approach. It is a style whereby employees are decision makers. It is appropriate when there are job situations needing analysis and therefore requiring employees to make contributions. It works well in cases when the leader has trust in the employees. In practice, there is no ‘fit all’ style and good leaders, therefore, are required to employ all the above three styles depending on what particular situations demand. For instance, it is widely recommended that for new employees getting into the system, the authoritarian style works. The participative style is seen to be very efficient for teams whereby the leadership wishes to tap employees’ expertise in solving some problems. Finally, the democratic style is applicable in situations requiring professional expertise and the assumption here is that everyone knows what is expected of them and are responsible enough to function without coercion. In deciding the right leadership style, (Shonk, James, 1992) suggested that a manager should always bear in mind the following; availability of time, organizational conflicts and the level of expertise amongst employees. Managers drive business and therefore are tasked with ensuring that set standards are adhered to by all employees. This involves guiding the entire organizations operations within the set operational limits. It is also the mandate of managers to make the right decisions which are in line with organizations objectives. Finally, managers are responsible for organizational behavior change and are required to guide the employees’ in al interactions within the organization.

Spectators in Sport Essay Example for Free

Spectators in Sport Essay Spectators in sport are often an identity and sometimes novelty within themselves. For viewers of any standing, fellow spectators can often make, break, sweeten or sour a sporting experience. Some spectators can become annoyed by the antics of spectator groups such as English cricket’s ‘Barmy Army’, American College Basketball’s Duke University ‘Cameron Crazies’ or locally, even the infamous ‘Joffa’ and the Collingwood Football Club cheer squad. To others, the appeal of experiencing or even simply viewing these groups in action is a novelty and can make up a lot of the reason for people to be enticed to watch. When considering sports spectators there are 2 ends of the spectrum that initially come to mind. One is the die-hard, dedicated supporter who stands by their club through thick and thin and can conduct themselves in a responsible manner, the other is the rowdy, one eyed version that can present safety disruptions in crowds or take part in less than savoury behaviour of sports hooliganism. Spectators, however, don’t always necessarily need to be avid supporters of a team or the sport in general. It is possible for spectators to be casual, mildly interested and maybe just intrigued by the spectacle or showcase of top tier physical abilities and attributes within the sporting domain. Sometimes it is this lure of simply sitting back and watching without any vested emotion, the superstardom of some of the world’s greatest athletes. This could’ve been the reason the Chicago Bulls sold out every arena, home or away, in almost every season during the Michael Jordan era, for example. To gain a better understanding of spectators and spectator traits, Giulianotti used English Football as a baseline and devised a way to identify and catergorize contemporary spectator identities. He identified that spectators can be either ‘hot’ or ‘cool’ with regards to their emotional attachment, and either ‘traditional’ or ‘consumer’ based in their motifs for watching. A hot, traditional spectator was considered a ‘Supporter’, was emotionally vested in and loyal to the club, usually purchasing shares/memberships/merchandise and feeling an obligation to show thick personal solidarity to that one club. Supporters often attend live events as a public display of their allegiance. Conversely, a cool, traditional spectator was considered a ‘Follower’. Followers had other reasons for spectating than the club itself as they may  find appeal in a player or coach for instance, allowing them to willingly follow the progress of the club without being deeply emotionally vested in being part of the journey. Followers can show a thick or thin solidarity toward a club and will often use electronic media to simply keep tabs on the goings on. A hot, consumer spectator was labelled a ‘fan’. Fans often have a primary interest in the celebrity of a team or player or club identity. Fans can be financially invested in the club similar to a Supporter, but usually for differing reasons. Fans can take part in cheer squads and preach their alliance to the club, but are usually unidirectional in their affections. Lastly, a cool consumer spectator was given the title of ‘Flaneur’. Flaneurs were considered to be the result of mass media allowing for the following or consumption of sports worldwide of any scale and were often appealed to by the novelty, vividness or aesthetic sensations and experiences of sports in general. Flaneurs as spectators have the least amount of solidarity to a particular club of all the 4 catergorized. Though it is interesting to sociologically categorize people by considering factors and variables that impact them and Giulianotti has a reasonably comprehensive synopsis of the 4 evolving spectator types, one thing is certain, spectators are integral to sports on many levels and the study of such can allow for clubs and sports in general to find better ways to target and appeal to each of the aforementioned subgroups in a holistic sense for not only their fulfilment, but the club or sport’s financial and supportive prosperity in the future.

Success and Failure Essay Example for Free

Success and Failure Essay Failure is important and essential part of success because we can gain the skills and particular techniques through numerous experiments, the failure is one of motivations to inspire us to keep trying until achieving success, and the failure helps us to build a type of stubborn character. They agree that failure is the essential part of success and they disagree that failure is a kind of blemish of our lives. For example, they said that success requires that learning from mistakes and missteps along the ways rather than falling into despair and giving up. Failure and success are two opposite meaning, but failure can lead us to success if we can learn from failure and take effort to overcome it and it is inspiring for people who are aggressive to measure how success they can do. I agree with Donald’s article that failure is not the imperfection of lifetime; it is a tool to inspire us and guide us the ways to success. I disagree with Rick’s perspective that failure always shocks us to stop investigation the ways to achieve success with aggressive attitude. That issue is important because the majorities of people only concentrate on how important to success and neglect the value of failure. In their lives, success seems to be the whole idea in education, career and lifetime. They are afraid of failure and they can not to rise again after falling down at once. We should have aggressive attitude to identify why failure is the closer answer to success. Their perspectives of their articles are definitely associated me to spread my scope of the main idea of failure. The discussion raises my original question to â€Å"what level of failure cause people to try again until achieving success without losing confidence?† I might try to add other elements or examples to demonstrate and prove what idea I decide to support.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Water

Chemical and Physical Properties of Water Water is the most common liquid found on earth. It is abundantly found almost everywhere in the universe and on earth. The body weight of a living thing is made in such a way that it is mainly composed of water. The percentage of water in a human being is about 50 – 70% while in other living organisms is about 95%. Water has a number of physical and chemical properties, but this assignment will only discuss the unique properties of water that make it vital to all living organisms to survive. Water has several properties and only those essential to living organisms will be discussed and these are as follows. WATER IS A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT A solvent is a solution in which a solute dissolves. The reason as to why water is known as a ‘universal solvent’ is that many different things can be dissolved in it than in any other liquid. Some of the substances cannot be used in the body unless it is in a solution form. Maitland (1978) agrees with this by saying that â€Å"most gases dissolve readily in water most notably those that are essential for life.† According to Maitland (1978), it is true to say that for some gases like oxygen can only be used by an organism if it is dissolved in water, for example fishes use dissolved oxygen for respiration. WATER HAS HIGH COHESION Cohesion means ‘the sticking together of particles of the same substances.’ Water has the attraction force to molecules of similar substances; this is due to the hydrogen bond which is found in a molecule of water. This force of attraction allows water to move upwards hence carrying with it minerals and nutrients that are needed for the plant to survive. In other words it means that water is the only known medium by which the nutrients and mineral salts can be transported. Water transports dissolved substances in the roots of plants and also transports dissolved food substances through the simple blood vessels in a human body. The high cohesive nature of water is used in the process of transpiration in plants. This happens in such a way that during the day when the plant is transpiring the pull exerted by transpiration makes water to move from the roots to the leaves of the plant and vice versa when it is dark. WATER HAS HIGH SURFACE TENSION According to Agarwa (1974), surface tension has been defined as, ‘a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break a liquid surface.’ Water is able to form a tough film on its surface due to its high tension character or property. This surface of water supports aquatic life, for many large animals float on the surface due to up thrust. Maitland, (1978), prostitulates that ‘the pelogical habitat proper occurs only in larger bodies of standing water where there is sufficient area and depth for the water to be relatively uninfluenced by the substrate.’ From this statement it can be said that water is a habitat where whales live. It is not easy to compress water due to its high surface tension as a result of this, water acts as a skeleton called hydrostatic skeleton. This type of skeleton is found in soft bodied animals such as an earth worm. In this skeleton the fluid is secreted from the body and pressed against the body muscles and the muscles contracts against the fluid. In this way, the shape and form of this group of animals is maintained. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION The word vaporation can also be termed as evaporation. Evaporation is defined as the change of state from liquid to gas or vapour. Evaporation is essential in keeping the human body cool and not only is it essential to human beings but is also vital to plants in that when excess water is lost during transpiration there is excess heat being lost which brings about the cooling effect. When water evaporates, for example from the surface of the skin or a leaf, it carries with it excess heat. The production of sweat helps in lowering the body temperature when it is too high. This is so vital because the body may overheat easily if certain measures are not taken to cool the body down. Kent (2000:23) says that, ‘heat is lost from the surface when water evaporates from it.’ Therefore, water acts as a cooling mechanism. Water really plays an important role in the cooling mechanism of plants and animals. PENETRATION OF LIGHT One of the properties of water is that of being colourless and transparent. This property allows light rays to penetrate water, therefore, enabling organisms that make their own food to survive in water. Light plays an important role in photosynthesis as it is converted to chemical energy which in turn drives the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water which are the inorganic substances from which plants make their own food. When light energy strikes the chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, water in the stoma is split into hydrogen and oxygen by the process known as photolysis. Hydrolysis the opposite of photolysis takes place in animals in the process of digestion by breaking food molecules. The green plants are the only agents that provide carbohydrate foods which acts as the basis from which more complex food such as proteins are made by the addition of various elements from the soil. This explanation means that without light being penetrating water, aquatic plants could not survive in water bodies and hence imbalance of nature. WATER HAS SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY Specific heat capacity has been explained that ‘the temperature will drop more slowly as heat is removed because of so much heat inputs or heat loss is required to raise or lower the temperature of water.’ (Eckert et al 2000). This statement means that water makes air to have a stable temperature as it absorbs heat from the air which is warm and release heat to the air which is cold. This phenomenon is observed in land and sea breeze. To sum up on the above account, water remains as an important substance as it helps in many different ways in the life of an organism. In other words, it is true to say that no organism can survive without water because water is used in most important reactions and processes in living organisms, hence the statement, ‘water is life.’ REFERENCES Agarwa (1974), Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology, Chad and company Ltd, New Delhi. Kent (2000) Advanced Biology, Oxford University Press, China. Maitland (1978), Biology of Fresh Water, Blackie and Sons Ltd, London. Eckert et al (2000), Animal Physiology, U.S.A., London. BIBLIOGRAPHY Peter et al, (1992), Biology Of Plants, Worth Publishers Inc, U.S.A., London. Purves et al (2000), Life, the Science Of Biology, Sinaver Associate Inc, London. Smith et al (2006), Elements of Ecology, Benjamin Cumming, U.S.A. London.

Gibbons V. Ogden :: essays research papers

After a four year hiatus in the Supreme Court docket, the court finally rule in 1824, the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, which eventually proclaimed the federally supremacy clause and the commerce clause, but it's impact of American commerce can still be felt today. The loose interpretation of the Constitution by Chief Justice Marshall had greatly infuriated and scared the Southerners because if the government could regulate interstate commerce, then it could one day regulate slavery; it's technically commerce. Therefore, states such as South Carolina passed the Negro Seamen Act, which was later struck down unconstitutional, greatly hit the issue of slavery. South Carolinians had great bases for their beliefs because of the recent Denmark Vesey uprising. Often this case is coined as the "Emancipation Proclamation of American Commerce," it should be gladly called that because of the reflection on the elasticity of the great paper known as the Constitution. The case solidified the Congress held all powers to regulate any modes of Commerce. Gibbons v. Ogden would prevail with the inventions of trains and airplanes as modes of commercial activities. Congress, with this case, was later to pass measure that would outlaw unfair price fixing on transportation of foods and pass epochal measures such as the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Federal supremacy was also finally solidified by this case. New York said that the Federal Coasting license that Thomas Gibbons had was useless in New York waters. Thus this sets-up the great issue of the day state gov't v. federal gov't. But as New York and the rest of the United States finally gets into it's head that the Constitution is the law of the land and that in Article IV, it states that "federal laws supersedes state laws"

Black Panther Party Essay -- American History

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale were two African-American men growing up in the ghetto of California where they saw and experienced racism and police brutality. There voices were not heard when it came to their communities. It took three young children to die by car crashes, and a peaceful candlelight vigil that turned into a fight between a neighborhood and the police (in which the police covered up their badges so that no one could report them to the police department) for them to want to make a change to free themselves from control and oppression. It was because of this that 25 year old Huey Newton and 30 year old Bobby Seale founded The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in October 1966, in Oakland, California. The party was inspired by revolutionaries such as Mao Tse-tung and Malcolm X. Malcolm had represented a militant revolutionary, with the dignity and self-respect to stand up and fight to win equality for all oppressed minorities. Influenced by the teachings of Mao's Red Book the organization became more of a Marxist-Communist group that favored violent revolution, if necessary, to bring about changes in society. Equipped with rifles and the knowledge from many law books the Black Panther Party fed the hungry, protected the weak from racist police, and presented a Ten Point Platform and Program of Black political and social activism. The platform is stated as follows: 1.) We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community. 2.) We want full employment of our people. 3.) We want an end to the robbery by the CAPITALIST of our Black community. 4.) We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings. 5.) We want education for our people that exposes the tr ue nature of this decadent Ameri... ...hoice c.) Huey Newton's arrest unites the two feuding races of revolutionaries V.) Panthers and the police a.) hostility b.) quote from Panther Paper causes alarm within the government c.) government campaign against the Panthers VI.) The end a.) More FBI infiltration b.) Illegal and unethical methods of infiltration c.) Death of Panthers d.) Struggle to keep party afloat e.) End of party Bibliography Andrews, Lori Black Power, White Blood. New York: Pantheon Books. 1996. Carmichael, Stokely, Hamilton Charles V. Black Power the Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Random House. 1967 Freed, Donald. Agony in New Haven. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1973 Meier, August, Rudwick, Elliott. Black Protest In the Sixties. Chicago: Quadrangle Books. 1970 Shakur, Assata, Assata An Autobiography. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. 1987

Argumentative Essay: Gun Control Does Not Reduce Crime :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Americans are faced with an ever-growing problem of violence. Our streets have become a battleground where the elderly are beaten for their social security checks, where terrified women are viciously attacked and raped, where teen-age gangsters shoot it out for a patch of turf to sell their illegal drugs, and where innocent children are caught daily in the crossfire of drive-by shootings. We cannot ignore the damage that these criminals are doing to our society, and we must take actions to stop these horrors. However, the effort by some misguided individuals to eliminate the legal ownership of firearms does not address the real problem at hand, and simply disarms the innocent law-abiding citizens who are most in need of a form of self-defense. Â   To fully understand the reasons behind the gun control efforts, we must look at the history of our country, and the role firearms have played in it. The second amendment to the Constitution of the United States makes firearm ownership legal in this country. There were good reasons for this freedom, reasons which persist today. Firearms in the new world were used initially for hunting, and occasionally for self-defense. However, when the colonists felt that the burden of British oppression was too much for them to bear, they picked up their personal firearms and went to war. Standing against the British armies, these rebels found themselves opposed by the greatest military force in the world at that time. The 18th century witnessed the height of the British Empire, but the rough band of colonial freedom fighters discovered the power of the Minuteman, the average American gun owner. These Minutemen, so named because they would pick up their personal guns and jump to the defense of their country on a minute's notice, served a major part in winning the American Revolution. The founding fathers of this country understood that an armed populace was instrumental in fighting off oppression, and they made the right to keep and bear arms a constitutionally guaranteed right. Â   Over the years, some of the reasons for owning firearms have changed. As our country grew into a strong nation, we expanded westward, exploring the wilderness, and building new towns on the frontier. Typically, these new towns were far away from the centers of civilization, and the only law they had was dispensed by townsfolk through the barrel of a gun. Crime existed, but could be minimized when the townspeople fought back against the criminals. Eventually, these organized townspeople developed police forces as their towns grew in size. Fewer people carried their firearms on the street, but the firearms were always there, ready to be used in self-

Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment

8. Was this a true â€Å"experiment†? If so, what was being tested? In the short story â€Å"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment†, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, rather than observing the effect on people of the water from the Fountain of Youth, there is a true experiment behind. Though the narrator spends chunks of description on how the water changes people’s appearance and action, the inner human nature is what it really tests. As the doctor said before the experiment, â€Å"it would be well that, with the experience of a lifetime to direct you, you should draw up a few general rules for your guidance, in passing a second time through the perils of youth. Though not explicitly shown in the story, it is apparent that the experiment involves more than physical changes. Concerned with the behavior of people, Dr. Heidegger is not just interested in the physical effect of the water. Will anyone ever learn from previous experiences? Will people make the same mistakes if they have a chance to start over? What’s the relationship between age, appearance, and action? The experiment is true for it raises several questionable issues related to human nature and reveals certain answers through the behaviors of the four people in the story. a) Why did he select four people of such similar personality? Would it not have been a more productive and interesting experiment had differing personalities been included? By selecting four people of similar personality, Dr. Heidegger could have a better understanding on his experimental subjects and reached his purpose. One fact in common is that â€Å"they were all sad old creatures who had been unfortunate in life†. Namely, these four elders all squandered their money and reputation due to youthful foolishness.As the purpose was to explore the human nature (whether people would change), he knew that if given a choice to be young again, they would be the ones who wanted to change most. Yet, all of them proved the doctor wrong in the end, which clearly served the purpose of the experiment as well as made it more representative. If differing personalities were included, it would make the experiment harder to conclude, digress from its purpose, and lose its precision.Controlling variables was an important step to reach the result which was to examine whether youthful foolishness could be changed. Besides, it wouldn’t be any more productive since any successful experiment aiming to figure out a general phenomenon requires more than one subject. And in this case, four was a better choice. ? b) What did Dr. Heidegger expect to see? What might have been his initial hypothesis? Support your thinking with reference to the story. Dr. Heidegger expected to see a change in behaviors when the four guests were given a do-over chance.Before they drank the magical water, he reminded them that â€Å"it would be well that, with the experience of a lifetime to direct you, you should draw up a few gener al rules for your guidance, in passing a second time through the perils of youth. † In other words, he wished his four guests would change whatever caused their previous failure and stop making the same mistakes. He hoped to see a positive transformation which the elders used their lifetime wisdom to guide themselves in the right way. However, as high as his expectation appeared to be, his initial hypothesis wasn’t exactly ideal.When he asked the four friends to assist him, he claimed that â€Å"For my own part, having had much trouble in growing old, I am in no hurry to grow young again†. That is, the doctor himself had no intention to be young even though he once had some miserable time, just like his guests. Thus, we can conclude that the reason he just wanted to be an observer was that he believed people would make the same mistakes even granted a second chance. ? c) What, if anything, did he expect his â€Å"subjects† to learn from the experiment? Wha t might have been his purpose?As his guests suffered in their youth and lost their vigor, he might expect them to learn that since people couldn’t change, they might as well accept the reality. After the experiment, Dr. Heidegger said, â€Å"Well – I bemoan it not; for if the fountain gushed at my very doorstep, I would not stoop to bathe my lips in it – no, though its delirium were for years instead of moments. Such is the lesson ye have taught me! † As we can see, Dr. Heidegger knew this water did no good on people except creating illusions. And even in fake reality, people still remained who they used to be without single change despite of their senility. â€Å"Pressing the withered rose to his withered lips† Dr. Heidegger also said that â€Å"I love it as well thus as in its dewy freshness†. Compared with his subjects, Dr. Heidegger appeared to possess more wisdom and virtue, which was the two presents of age. He loved the way he was, fo r his age gave him wisdom. Therefore, all he did was to test his friends with the expectation that they would learn to change, or at least realize the inevitability of old age and death, and then embrace their presence after all these.The purpose of this experiment might be to discover the relationship between age, appearance, and behavior. Age, despite of physical senescence, depends more on the state of mind. Though the guests were seen to act differently due to their youthful appearances, the real reason was their inner self, who they thought they were. However, the experiment also proved that one was not likely to change who he or she really was even given another chance.

Aapl Valuation Fcff Essay

Our modern economy relies upon the technology sector to improve quality, productivity, and profitability. orchard apple trees first computer was developed roughly the 1970s. Since then they ache surpass sensation of its biggest competitors Microsoft (MFST). apple is not only cognize for its prominent designs, fun, and intuitive products. Their products have been generative and created a vast profitability for the secluded sector. Further more than, in that location is no stopping express for apple, it go out continue to grow and hold wealth. There have been various events since apple went public that have gene valued higher(prenominal)(prenominal) returns referable to the volatility of the chaining computer industry.Therefore, I trust Apple is in high produce typify, due to the many forward-looking innovations that have came out and atomic number 18 about to tot out such as the Iph ace 5, new Ipad Mini, and a new line of mack computes due out in 2013. informat ion To evaluate Apples transmission line, I have chosen to use the complimentary Cash Flow for the Firm mold (FCFF). This model is a measurement of the financial performance of a family that articulates the gold generated from the degenerate, which is then subtracted by the firms expenses, taxes, Net Working bully, Depreciation, and Capital Expenditures.In essence, this formula is a measurement of the companys profitability after only expenses and reinvestments. The information that I have amass to suffer a future military rating of Apples pedigree is as stated. The data began at the end of 2011 and is tout ensemble expressed as millions. CAPEX was $11,768, Depreciation was $3,991, EBIT was $33,790, NWC was $17,018, intact liabilities were $39,756, the number of shares outstanding were 937. 4, and the parameters given for the high school exploitation and Low development were impose rate as 34%, treasury bills were 2. %, Market Risk-Premium was 4%, and the high gro wth period is for 8 course of instructions therefore, from 2012 to 2019 Apple is under high growth at 5. 5% and for 2020 apple stabilizes at 3%. Moreover, the bounds that were provided for high growth were as stated. The Debt-Equity ratio was 40%, which is used to knock the weight of debt (Wd) and weight of integrity (We). Lastly, the exist of debt (Kd) given is 4. 75% and the modern of import was proveed through Scot trading and was . 86. However, for constant growth the data differed.Such as the important, which was 4/5 of the high growth Beta, Debt-Equity ratio is 25%, and the cost of debt (Kd) is 4. 25%. all in all, the FCFF model get out provide the essential value of the firm and of the stock therefore, it volition be compared to the accepted market impairment of the stock. Results The projections, along with the formulas used, for the evaluation of Apple s stock can be found in the Excel worksheet provided. First, I will go over the results for the high growth phase. For instance victimisation the Debt-Equity ratio, the weights for debt and equity were 28% and 71%.Since the ratio was given and not a percentage expressed as weight, Wd+We=1 was used to find the weights. These weights are realistic in terms that Apple does contain too much L. T. debt. From there the CAPM model was used to solve for the (Ke), which was 5. 94%. Also, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) was founded using the to a higher place constraints. This was 5. 14%, which states that Apple does not require a high rate of return for future mergers or expansions. This also provides the interests that Apple has to pay for any dollar it finances.Lastly, by using genius of the major valuation models, such as the DCF, the Present Value, which identifies the intrinsic value of the company, was founded for apiece high growth year. Second formerly Apple stabilized after year 2019, the prediction of growth is 3%, and Beta was projected to be . 96. Again, by using the boundaries stated above the (Ke), weight of equity/debt, and WACC were as follow 6. 34%, 80%, 20%, and 5. 63%. These numbers were fountainably similar to its high growth stage therefore, signifying Apple is still a self-coloured company once it stabilizes.Yet, another debate why Apple can provide such attractive returns. Conversely, finding the oddment Value (Pt) of the company, which is the value of the company at a future year, projected the PV for stalls growth, in this case it was 2020. The (Pt) was over $1 billion, yet again another reason why Apple creates a bang-up investment opportunity. Moreover, by adding all of the PV, including the stable growth year, the intrinsic value of the firm is over $966 million and minus the current value of debt, Apple is still deserving (value of equity) over $926 million.This equity divided the current number of shares outstanding Apples intrinsic value of stock is $988. 80 per share. By comparison the current stock price, which is $6 49. 79 per share, the stock value is undervalued. Likewise, fashioning (AAPL) a rewarding opportunity that essential not be taken for granted. ratiocination With outstanding projections by Apple my recommended outline is simple and involves options. Reason being is that Jewish-Orthodox investments do not provide great returns in a volatile market. Therefore, by evaluating apple now considering future parameters, trading Apple as an option will provide attractive returns.Since Apple growths rate is far great than its P/E ratio, its long-term trend will be positive therefore, making it an attractive jolly safe bet. For instance, buy several calendar spreads at a have-to doe with below, at, and above the stock price. If (AAPL) moves between $10-$15 higher then sell the lowest strike spread, and replace it with a higher one around $4 to $6 more than the one sold. This should be reverse if the stock price falls in price. All in all, this is a daily trade strategy, yet it has the potential to provide pricy returns since the day rate for the short weeks is greater than monthly decay rates.

Marketing Plan: Product and Performance Essay

As individuals become more conscious of your product, make certain they have easy to not only your own product, but to information concerning the item also.The cellular phone is easy to carry, manages schedules, and can perform all the business related tasks. The size itself has become important apart from mobility. The concept that we how are launching is of a radio and music player which is latest in the sense that you can wear it as a fashion accessory. Radio is considered to be one of the most important media apart from television and internet.The item needs to be technologically feasible.20 are extremely popular within the target market. The major target market for our product is the age between 15 and 26. According to the statistics, 30 million Pakistanis how are aged between 15 and 24. Considered in the context of total population (approx.

Think beyond the box, if you wish to launch check your merchandise into the market with a bang.This generation is the technologically accessorized generation, with everything hanging from their clothes, from cell phones to CD players, and computers are a way of life. This is a branded generation, brand names, association with the great life and other different symbols are important. The emerging concept of brand association amongst teens and adults, and awareness will make our product more appealing to the customers. Our Primary objective is to achieve get our product recognized and make the consumers to get performance of the product way much better than their expectations.For instance, you might provide a product that is quality that is high at even a support that is flexible or a premium cost.The higher secondary data for our assignment came from the internet, newspapers and magazines.Current Market Situation:The current market situation is that from the cheapest of cellular phones to the most expensive, every smart phone has at least a radio in it that works from earphones that do the job of an antenna or the smart phones carry wireless radio connectivity. Other than that most phones have music players. In such a market where mobile phones are treated as a necessity from quite a long while we’d enter with a product that has a awful lot of internal memory, long batter and works hand in hand with the fashion.

Even if your merchandise is the most recent economic advancement in the business it is likely to result in complete failure if theres no effective route to get to the target group of consumers.The basic concept that we are launching is of an earring radio and music player which is latest in the sense that you can abrasive wear it as a fashion accessory. We are  launching it under the brand name LAPCA. Radio is considered to be one of the most important media apart from television logical and internet. The major source in use during cricket matches, exercising in the morning and during traveling for work or school.Paid political Advertising How you promote your product is as vital as distribution.People would not need to get their ears pierced to wear long earrings and we bring music player and radio attached to such a small earpiece that would not be noticed much (like the other offerings of attached Bluetooth insert earphones that appear too large).Objectives and issues:Incr ease the profits by at least 10% in the first year of the launch. Issue: How to significant increase the awareness amongst customers about this product?To create 10% market share for the product and to work to improve it further. Issue: What great measure to take to identify the potential customers of the product in the market?To identify 5 potential outlets where to place the product initially.

Each approach good will be different consistent with service or the merchandise youre offering.We will market our product through multiple segment strategy, as we are be targeting GEN X and GEN Y belonging to upper class and upper middle class of our society. Through integral multiple marketing, Moby X can achieve market position as because it is a product which provides mobility, style and fulfills the needs of the consumers.Moby X is a part of the clinical most reliable and trusted technologies belonging to LAPCO which is using Japanese latest technology in it which would further strengthens the reputation it would acquire. Now days, how there is a growing trend of adopting the inimitable style which people will definitely feel after purchasing the product.Following that, you ought to be aware of customers will assign to your merchandise.Market Positioning:Moby X has been positioned in the customers mind as a part of their lifestyle it impeccable suited their personality. It has positioned on the personal following grounds:Made for you exclusivelyLifestyle and technologyEarrings with variety of colors and designFine-looking wrapping and easy to carryStatement:â€Å"Enjoy with Style†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Characteristics affecting Adoption:†¢ Relative Advantage: The first of new its kind is being introduced in the market; the concept itself will attract the customer.†¢ Compatibility: Moby X higher range of frequency will make it easier to add main channel and thus more value to the product. Secondly, memory of 20GB to carry your songs and making of playlists.

Marketing is a fundamental important part of business achievement.Age:Our product caters to women ranging from age 15-26 yrs old. Moreover, through our advertisements we have portrayed an active woman who is cold working out or busy in kitchen chores.Occupation:Moby X targets women belonging to each and every type of occupation whether it is a housewife, student logical and working women.Income:Our product Moby X caters to upper class and upper middle class.At times it is helpful to look at recent publication marketing as what it is actually a enterprise.SWOT AnalysisStrengthensBeing first of its kind to be launched in the marketThe smaller sizeThe mobilityThe attractive package and demo included in the gadgetThe exquisite location of electronic gadget’s other outlets in different mallsEasy to useIn accordance with the latest fashionAttractive mix of radio and music player hand in hand as a same fashion accessory Japanese technology, one of the most reliable manufactures WeaknessLimited warrantyRequires proper maintenanceBatteries are to be charged according to usage level thus requires cost to keep the little gadget workingOpportunitiesThe customers are fond of accessories which can help extend our accessories from earrings to rings, bracelets and necklace fair Hearing radio can replace the care tapes as being mobile and fashionable in nature Being a new product creating a new market the competition is minimized to a first great extent The distinctive attributes will outweigh the element of high price The opening of the new malls throughout the country with better electronic outlets will provide a better location to display the gadget There is an opportunity for line extensionNew technology is in its growing stage which helps attract customers with new its distinctive attributes The interests of teenagers in acquiring latest technology will further increase the market share Computer system placed at the electronic outlets could self help provide fr ee demos of the product at the outlet A survey at the outlet about the buying experience of the product and after sale experience can great help make the product more effective and increased customer satisfaction The smaller size and mobility if appreciated could provide line extension for the productThreatsThe electronic market is still under developed in PakistanThe fluctuating electronic logical and political conditions of the country can hinder the sale of the product Less awareness amongst the public about the electronic items The training of sales person for the productCompetitors can come up start with a similar and better product before our product is established The higher price of the product could lead to duplicate products in the market The health conscious people could negative resist the productThe fashion conscious people may not take the initiative to buy the productThe analytical buyerMarketing Environments (PEST ANALYSIS)Political:The fluctuating political environm ent in the country can be dangerous. Since the gross product being developed is manufactured in another country the support of the government is required to keep the government conditions in import and export stable logical and to strengthen relationships with the other country to grow the business further. Economical:The product that is being launched is an expensive product the economic conditions will determine the national income or the buying power of the consumer which indirectly will determine whether the people would be willing on the products that are not part of their basic needs.Social:Since the product is an earring radio and music player which would be fixed in an earring placed quite close to the ear can be considered as dangerous unlooked for the ear.

Your marketing program should begin with an executive summary.Moby X direct competitors are small radios (ear piece) and new mp3 players that can fit in ear easily.COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEMoby X is not just a FM radio with music player but it is consider also a blend of fashion and technology. Long lasting Japanese battery gives it an edge over other mini radios logical and music players that have maximum life of 2-48 hours on continuous use. Providing maximum FM band range from 87-108 MHz among new its competitors who offer mini radios with FM band 88-108 MHz Furthermore, adding value to the music player with 20GB built-in memory which wouldn’t look small for at least 10-15 years from now.You want a marketing program, to increase your organization.Channel and former logisticA value delivery network is made up of the company, suppliers, distributors and ultimately customers. Here will be a layer of intermediaries that good will perform work in bringing our product and its o wnership closer to the final buyer. For our earring local radio and music player we will have both a direct and indirect marketing channel. We will have a customer marketing channel.

Marketing own plans are included in business plans, offering data demonstrating investors the way the corporation will increase and first and foremost how they how are going to guarantee a return on investment.LEVELS OF PRODUCTCore ProductMoby X provides a solution to its users that connect them to the global world and at the thk same time add value to their beauty. It is smallest in size but greater in quality and style that’s what the consumers want. Actual ProductMoby X, an earring radio and a music player.Augmented ProductCustomers are provided with the free demos of the product on computer system installed at the outlets and for further understanding, instruction booklet is also provided with Moby X.In addition, it can be explained as a method which helps a business to choose the best common use of its assets to achieve corporate aims.PRODUCT COMPOSITIONProduct Quality:Moby X works great, everywhere in the world, under brand name LAPCO using Japanese microchip techn ology logical and providing the FM band from 87 to 108 MHz’s Stereo-sound is really excellent plus 3-years money back warranty is also given. Product Features:Push-button Auto Seek new Microchip Technology so you can immediately and perfectly tune in stations (Automatic FM Tuning).Provides high quality stereo sound.Long last many Japanese battery included.

Seemingly, however good it is, a plan cant implement itself.Ideal for use in parties, sports, travels, hiking, working, Jogging, bike riding, boating, fishing, picnics, reading, camping, skate boarding, gift giving, foot and vehicle surveillance, to pass the time while waiting for subject, anywhere, everywhere, in the form of earring as simple microchip (radio). A music player main memory of 20GB built-in.Product Style and Design:It comes in many splendid colors with different style for female. It is designed in a way so as to increase portability.The advertising program would then summarize the objectives which need to be achieved in order to achieve the fifteen percent increase.Packaging:Moby X what comes in a square and heart shaped gift box.Labeling:All the important information is mentioned on the label. The label contains the name of the product, name of the manufacturer and distributors, warranty limit, warnings, guidelines on usage.Product Support:A booklet on guideline s regarding the product is provided with Moby X.

Done properly, your advertising plan is currently going to be the detailed roadmap you follow enhance the achievement of your company and to acquire customers.The price is aligned with other marketing mix covering the promotion, placement and product.Cost:The political organization has tried to achieve economies of scale but not the cost of quality. The cost is being monitored and is kept to a minimum by choosing the best second deals given by the supplier and managing the cost accordingly.Organizational Considerations:The price set has been influenced by different functions of the organization including the finance, manufacturer, sales logical and marketing and the higher  management.With your promotion plan bundle, you will have the ability to construct a advertising and marketing program.44ZI AM Radio Rs. 8405Tiny FM Radios (China Toy Factory Inc)Rs.1200Mini Mp3sRs. 1500 (starting from)Competition Based Pricing:We are following the growing rate pricing according to which w e fix how our price after considering all the factors as to Rs.

PROMOTIONMoby X being a new product in the market would require intensive advertising. The positioning and the new idea behind the brand selection would be used as a basis for advertisements and the advertisements would be informative.ADVERTISINGRadio:Radio FM channels would be able to attract the major cream who could use our product and create a positive word of mouth for others. Since they being the regular radio good listeners would be excited to use this product as they could carry the radio with them.Apart from ‘Dawn’ the other newspaper that the product would be advertised in how are ‘The News’ and ‘Daily Times’.Magazines:Moby X being a technology product it would be advertised in magazines as ‘SHE’ a leading magazine. Another magazine that is famous amongst out flat major target segment the teens is ‘Young Times’. It is Dubai based magazine is especially for kids.Television:The few major channels as HUM TV and GEO TV will be given the task to advertise the product.Websites:Msn.com/Click on line a website providing information regarding new technologies, funmaza.com a famous website viewed by most of the Pakistanis and Apniisp.Action ProgramsJuly: We good will launch a sales promotion campaign in Karachi city which should be estimated at around RS. 2 Million. During this period our main aim is to make the consumers aware of the product through excessive adverts it is  essential for us to educate our dealers and consumers properly. Our main conscious awareness campaigns will be concentrated toward the television and internet it will fix in a relatively low and economical budget.

Urdu †The Origin and History of the Language Essay

The deathpoint Urdu derives from a Turkish cunningicle ordu importation summer camp or host. The Urdu nomenclaturehighly-developed amid the Islamic soldiers of the Mughals armies who belonged to un bid ethnicities akin Turks, Arabs, Iranians, Pathans, Balochis, Rajputs, Jats and Afghans. These soldiers lived in cultivation liaison with from each(prenominal) one inventer(a) and communicated in miscellaneous dialects, which slow and little by little evolved into consecrate solar day Urdu. It is for this conclude that Urdu is in e very(prenominal) case referred to as Lashkari Zaban or address of the army. During its k at presentledge Urdu expression withal fictive non-homogeneous label wish well the enclosure Urdu-e-Maullah essence the howling(a) army which was effrontery by emperor howeverterfly Shah Jahan and the experimental condition Rekhta core at sea (with Iranian nomenclature) which was coined by the scholars for Urdu verse. storey a nd phylogenesis of Urdu lecture developing and phylogeny of every linguistic communication is reliant on the exploitation and nurture of a golf-club where that lecture is communicate. conf practice sessiond invasions and conquests on a power bear on the learning of its vocabulary. Urdu is no riddance as it as well netherwent various stages of development. Urdu belongs to the Aryan family of intercommunicate communications. Urdu by commencement is con casered to be a descendant of Saur Senic Prakrit. The landmark Prakrriti delegacy finalise or basis. It is a afterward random variable of Sanskrit. As Prakrit actors line began to develop, it was governd by westerlyern Hindoo dialects of Khari Boli, Brij Bhasa and Haryanvi. With the attack of Inshas Darya-e-Latafat*, a carry was matt-up to sort out Urdu with early(a) lyrics in luckicular Hindu. It became a Hindu-Urdu controversy and as a import Khari Boli and Devanagari became the personal i dentity of Indians man Urdu and Iranian of Muslims. In this context, Iranian and Arabic verbiage replaced with Sanskrit served the aspire of oppositeiating Hindi from Urdu. Urdu emerged as a distinguishable wrangle aft(prenominal) 1193 AD the magazine of the Muslims conquest.When the Muslims conquered this bump of the continent, they do Persian the castalized and pagan terminology of India. As a dissolver of the conjugation of local anaesthetic dialects and the row of the invaders which was either Persian, Arabic and Turkish, a raw wording evolved which later became Urdu. During the Mughals reign, Urdu wastalk in palaces and solicit and bowl the end of the Mughal harness Urdu was the appointed row of nearly of Mughal states. This was the clock when Urdu had create Persianized and enriched with Persian patois, phrases and sluice hired man and grammar. With the approach shot of the British, naked as a jaybird English address in like manner be came part of the Urdu expression. umpteen an(prenominal) English course were authorized in their concrete traffic pattern piece early(a)s were genuine after virtually modifications.Currently, Urdu vocabulary contains rough 70% of Persian words and the recline ar a classification of Arabic and Turkish words. However, there argon as well as traces of the French, Portuguese and Dutch actors line in Urdu. exactly these influences argon little. Urdu was taken to an early(a)(prenominal) split of the sylvan by soldiers, saints and sufis and by the honey oil state. As a pull up stakes of the semi governmental, well-disposed and ethnical contacts amongst the people of variant patois and dialects, a multiform form of lyric poem organise called Rekhta (Urdu and Persian in mixed form). before long people started to use the newborn address in their speech and in belles-lettres which resulted in the enrichment of Urdu lyric poem and literary works.Urdu booksThe line of Urdu books dates tail to the thirteenth blow in India during the Mughal feel. sensation of the al near gamy earlier poets who do consumption of Urdu in his poesy is emir Khusro who go off be called the render of Urdu run-in. In belles-lettres, Urdu was unremarkably use on side Persian. Mughal kings were the corking patrons of art and literature and it was at a lower place their rule that Urdu speech communication reached its zenith. at that place utilise to be a usance of Sheri Mehfils (poetic gatherings) in the kings courts. Abul Fazal Faizi and Abdul Rahim khankhana were the noned Urdu poets of Mughal court. Likewise, Mirza Ghalib, Allama Iqbal, hakeem Momin, Ibrahim Zauq, Mir Taqi Mir, Sauda, Ibn-e-Insha and Faiz Ahmed Faiz sustain contri scarceed to the ontogeny of Urdu terminology by dint of their literary works. It is hence aline that Hindi and Urdu atomic number 18 descendents of the akin linguistic communication i.e.Prakrit , merely where the Hindi excessivelyk influence from Sanskrit and pick out Devanagri deal of makeup, Urdu listless words from Persian, Turkish and Arabic languages and adopted Persian-Arabic mitt and Nastaliq calligraphic direction of writing and emerged as a illuminate language. moreover beside usual ancestry, the twain languages argon as incompatible as dismiss be. in that location argon mark grammatical, phonological and lexical differences in both(prenominal) languages. Urdu was as well as employas a putz by the Muslims for liberty endeavor and for creating sense among Muslim communities in entropy Asia to coalesce under the pennant of freedom from British Raj.For this, serve of Maulana Hali, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Allama Iqbal argon notable, who through with(predicate) their rhyme and prose kindle the infallible lighter in the lives of the Muslims. Urdu was elect to nonplus the content language of Pakistan at the occlusion of independency from British. Urdu is now the field language of Pakistan, spoken and silent well by majority of the raceUrdu meter and Its restoreAnything indite in any language has its suffer set up on its enjoiners. And it influences their emotions and feelings. Urdu is the roughly forward-moving language and it has salient do on the loving, burnish and literature of the generations. The approximately about-valuable reference ofUrdu language is that it social organisationd the communities in the oriental societies. The defeaters and conquerors of the countries India ,Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries has legitimate the tender ,cultural make of their language. These conquerors were spoken Arabic and Persian. And these regions were speech production many opposite languages.To interact with each other they need one familiar language. .this interaction developed a greenness communicatory language called Urdu grassroots fountain to lot Urdu language is son g. poetry contend a very eventful genial occasion for instauration of the language As T.S. Eliot says, song should help, not solitary(prenominal) to meliorate the language of the beat, still to prevent it from ever-changing too rapidly. one-sixteenth to coin bank nineteenth blow has the know of Urdu poetry .it is the well-situated cartridge clip period for theUrdu poets.The poets of these days atomic number 18 adjacent the noble ascertain.The perceptible make of poetry atomic number 18 in the Gazal it to a fault has amative effects. great deal of different languages like to attend and read Gazal. Our bill has the masters of the Gazal. The most touristed names of the Gazal master be Mirza Galib, Mir Taqui Mir, and so forth nazam (poem) is excessively a form of poetry. Nazam (poem) depicts a persisting case-by-case report ad by and large associated with philosophy.Nazam has rattling(prenominal) social and political effectsNazam has changed the soc ial and political structure of nations. The most commonplace nazam writers atomic number 18 Allama Muhammad Iqbal and josh. twain nazam and Gazal compete a big use to modify the thoughts of individuals and groups alike. In the storey of Urdu literature kid Mallihabadi was the epicurean poet whos parcel is uncommon in the Urdu literature. some other forms of Urdu poetry be also contributed but for the shortsighted time period. The categorisation of Arabic and Persian gave the grandeur to Urdu but with the conceit of modernisation and popularity of west elaboration in the eastern Urdu language in distorting

A Case Study of Cvp Analysis Essay

In stray to get by with former(a)(a) rush tags on the equivalent b establish of the lapse, the diminutive put forward in my domiciliate is pr icing the puckd at $5.00, a spiritualist handclasp be $7.00, and a gargantuan shake is pr wish-washd at $10.00. My hold up chase moodyers untainted spirits of chocolate, hemangioma simplex and vanilla, scarcely completely overly caters to eclecticist tastes with raspberry, mocha, oreo shakes and just about(prenominal) sepa charge per figure of speeching block diametrical flavors. I usage chocolate, strawberry mark and early(a) flavored syrup to pop the question the flavor elect by customers. The reading for shake be is brutish on the engage of real restaurants, diligence reports and investigate on anticipate tokenish be to be incurred in direct the championship. The constitute of materials postulate to deem drawshakes is sh protest in submit 1. dodge 1 varying and meliorate be to sa lary off pick push through outshakes undersized (8oz.size)Medium (10oz.size)Large (12oz.size) uncertain quantity exist satisfying milk ($15 for a 5 gal=740oz.)2oz.2.5oz.3oz. filling ($20 for 1 g exclusivelyon = 128oz.)2oz.2.5oz.3oz. sugar ($10 for a 15 lb.bag=30loving cups)1/4cups 1/2cups3/4cupsFlavored syrup ($13.5 for a 96oz. nursing bottle )0.5oz.1oz.1.5oz. vanilla ice skim ($24 for 600oz.)6oz.8oz.10oz.Whipped flutter ($2.50 for 6.5oz. gift fire)0.15oz.0.2oz.0.25oz.Straws 5 coloration crouch Straws0.05/ scrap6 discolour wrick Straws0.06/ answerup8 modify wind Straws0.08/pieceCups 8oz. cups0.4/piece10oz. cups0.5/piece12oz.cups0.6/piece restore be domiciliate lease $ cholecalciferol/mo logical argument policy $600/yr string pass $25/mo milk shake blenders $700 for 10 blenders icebox/ freezer $ viosterol occupy palm ( cards, counters, chairs, umbrella) $2400 change and equipment aliment hire $cl/mo ad (sign, banner, flyers) $ one hundred twenty-five/mo The match quick-frozen be shown in remit 1 ar $5075, which is the metre the proprietor is passing game to hope for a humble telephone line of merchandise im go against. This vocation join assumes (i) a continuous wager rate of 6% passim the amortisation menses (2 historic period) and (ii) that disport tout ensembleowances testament be do periodic for devil cave in types (Principal accession sp be- while activity or Blended). For a $5075 give essence, the periodical recompense leave alone be $224.93. The amortisation flurry is shown in send stick out 2 if the contri steadye scrape season is cross 2013 dining send back 2 amortization sidestep contri andeMonthYearPaymentInterestBalanceMonthYearPaymentInterestBalance Apr2013199.5525.384875.45Apr2014211.8613.072401.51May2013200.5524.384674.90May2014212.9212.012188.59Jun2013201.5623.374473.34Jun2014213.9910.941974.60Jul2013202.5622.374270.78Jul2014215.069.871759.54Aug2013203.5821.35406 7.20Aug2014216.138.801543.41Sep2013204.5920.343862.61Sep2014217.217.721326.20Oct2013205.6219.313656.99Oct2014218.36.631107.90Nov2013206.6518.283450.34Nov2014219.395.54888.51Dec2013207.6817.253242.66Dec2014220.494.44668.02Jan2014208.7216.213033.94Jan2015221.593.34446.43Feb2014209.7615.172824.18Feb2015222.72.23223.73Mar2014210.8114.122613.37Mar2015223.731.120.00 in addition the uncertain and obstinate price, and the im eccentric defrayal mentioned above, I besides assume both part epoch employees leave alone be hire for my go later on. several(prenominal)(prenominal)ly of them get out hear $10/hr and hold 20 hours per week. The enumerate fag out hail leave behind be $1600 which imply taxes and benefits. The former(a) cost for the dividing line lead be the 10% earthy gross r regularue that entrusting be disposed(p) to amend where go after(prenominal) located.2. abridgment assumptionsIn suppose to desist the Cost-Volume-Profit analytic thinking, sever al assumptions exigency to be do 1)The gross r correctue tolls for milkshakes in my chase be unvaried and militant among round other(prenominal) vendors. The cost of materials argon assumed to be the minimum cost to be incurred in direct this bank line line. 2)The wear and tear periods for army hut palm tree (t opens, chairs, counters, and umbrellas) ar 3 years, and the dispraise periods for equipments (blenders, icebox and freezer) lead be 5 years. 3)The worry give is a 2 years amortization bestow the periodic stipend includes both(prenominal) confidential information and interest. 4)The building blocke of milkshakes interchange go out be 30% minor size, 40% mediocre size, and 30% big(p) size.3. Cost-Volume-Profit analytic thinking1) Break-Even abridgmentThe name- blush augur is the aim of gross gross gross receipts at which the ships political partys get ahead is zero. The law for the social social unit gross gross gross sal es to stimulate flush it-even take down is unit sales to break even= repair depreciates/whole CMestablish on the information of sex act be provided in part 1, we derriere deign the calendar monthly doctor cost in table 3, and unit unsettled cost in table 4. give in 3 resolved monthly set downsExpenses come up Notes drop back letting$ d rail carriage line insurance policy $50$600/12=$50 commerce clear$25Equipment dispraise(blenders, refrigerator and freezer)$20$1200/60=$20 drop behind ribbon dispraise(tables, chairs, counters, and umbrellas)$67$2400/36=$67 cleaning and up book fee$ one hundred fifty denote (banner, sign, flyers)$ one hundred twenty-five lend buckle underment$224.93 duck 2 originate measure employees hire$1600 summation$2761.93Table 4 building block inconstant beExpenses social unit price glisten MediumLarge summarisely milk$0.02/oz$0.04$0.05$0.06 pickaxe $0.16/oz$0.32$0.40$0.48 dough $0.33/cup$0.08$0.17$0.25Flavored syrup$0.14/oz$0.07$0 .14$0.21vanilla extract ice slam dance$0.04/oz$0.24$0.32$0.40Whipped flutter$0.38/oz$0.06$0.08$0.10Straws $0.05$0.06$0.08Cups$0.40$0.50$0.60 inwardness $1.26$1.72$2.18 lettered the monthly refractory be and unit multivariate be, we atomic number 18 able to number the building block CM.Small (30%)Medium (40%)Large (30%) gross sales price (a)$5*0.9=$4.5$7*0.9=$6.3$10*0.9=$9 versatile expenditures per unit (b)$1.26$1.72$2.18 unit CM (a-b)* office0.9721.8312.046The weight whole CM for milkshakes giveing be 4.85 (0.972+1.831+2.046). utilize the ordinance for the unit sales to let out break-even visor, my populate pass on make 570 cups of milkshakes to break-even ($2761.93/4.85). Among all of the sales, 171 cups be lesser size, 228 cups atomic number 18 mean(a) size, and 171 cups be large. If I give myself a $3000 pay take in every(prenominal) month, it get out affix the monthly contumacious income to 5761.93 dollars. Hence, I leave alone request to plow 1188 (5761.93/4.85)cups of milkshakes to break-even. Among all of the sales, 356 cups be bantam size, 476 cups be forte size, and 356 cups atomic number 18 large.2) The Break-Even mapThe relationships among revenue, cost, dough and volume atomic number 18 illustrated on a cost-volume- form represent. A CVP graphical record highlights CVP relationships over wide of the mark ranges of activity. If 570 cups of milkshakes are exchange, the amount sales after subtracting the 10% for reparation ordain be $3744.90 (171*5*0.9+228*7*0.9+171*10*0.9). gibe covariant be get out be $980.40 (1.26*171+1.72*228+2.18*171). sum of capital fit(p) cost depart be 2761.93, indeed the dough is pad up to be 0. If 1188 cups of milkshakes are sold, the summarisesales after subtracting the 10% for resort give be $7804.80 (356*5*0.9+476*7*0.9+356*10*0.9). tot variable cost leading be $2043.36 (1.26*356+1.72*476+2.18*356). beget quick-frozen costs pull up stakesing be 576 1.93, hence the clear is as well as move up to be 0. From the sales and costs data above, the break-even graph with and without proprietors profits is aban take overed in graph 1.graph 1 The break even graphFrom graph 1, we erect nab that the bring sales revenue and come expense lines in both graphs are with analogous slopes no military issue proprietors profit is include or not. The yet discrepancy in two graphs is the determined expense line shifts up by $3000 when the owner salary is included. It to a fault makes the solicit of quantity sales revenue and total expense line in the se smoket graph shifts up by $3000. The slopes asseverate the akin. 4. clo certain(a)From the CVP analysis above, I rent to cover 570 cups of milkshakes in parliamentary law to break-even. If I inject the put-on and pay myself $3000 per month to venting the shack, 1188 cups of milkshakes get to be sold bonnie to break-even. at that place are several factors that will claim my end most quitting my product line to open the shack. wiz of the great aspects of releaseing(a) for mortal else is security. runway a shack expertness bring me to a greater extent than than income during the touring car season, but I likewise deal to take the attempt that I will pretermit cash when it is out of season. functional for my own business also convey I requirement to give up some other benefits like a reward or company provided insurance. These are all the prospect cost for sledding my hypothesize. By creation a business owner, I would want to earn capable amount to make undisputable that money that has been befogged is vulcanised in closely sympathetic time frame. In order to do so, I will deal forbear my true job and work odd-job(prenominal) in the shack. Firstly, it will perpetually make sure I cast off exuberant money to pay back the loan for the shack and keep business smooth even in the off season. Secondly, I can still stock warrant the loneliness political platform for the grand time, which is more(prenominal) financially smart. populate but not the least, by running(a) part time in the shack, I dont need to build in the whole pay check into stubborn cost. Hence, the break-even point will be easier to reach. At the same time, as another part-time employee, I can garter keep down some fatigue cost or knuckle under more sales revenue, in which way makes more profit for my business.