The Aurora Symphony Performed A Wonderful Concert Titled...

Concert Paper The Aurora Symphony performed a wonderful concert titled Bohemian Rhapsody at their new location, North Middle School, on April 3. This was a classical concert, which focused on symphonies from the romantic era, specifically Franz Schubert’s Symphony No. 8 â€Å"Unfinished†. This particular concert seemed intriguing for a couple reasons. The main reason was that the title catches the eye, it sounded like an enjoyable piece due to it being a rhapsody, which suggests multiple musical elements working together to form one beautifully full piece. On April 10 the Adam Bodine Trio gave a relaxing performance at a local Jazz club, Dazzle. The Adam Bodine Trio is composed of three musicians and instruments. This concert was chosen because†¦show more content†¦The tempo plays a significant role in creating this exhilarating mood because of the drastic tempo changes. This mood has help from the violin’s pitch along with their tempo creating an anxious feeling. The re are a few sudden changes throughout the piece, especially in the beginning, but overall gradual changes in tempo are more common. The piece begins with a nice flow with a dynamic level of piano and suddenly changes to fortissimo, which coincide with the tempo changes. These sudden changes work together in order to create dissonance, with simultaneously accenting the trombone and its low key throughout the entire piece. This dissonance is a major part of the piece and plays an important role in the tone color. Overall the piece has a light, carefree feeling to it, but this back and forth of dissonance brings a heavier feeling, but it does not completely weigh down the overall light feeling. The high strings, such as violin and viola, and woodwinds, such as the flute, oboe and clarinet, bring about the light feeling. Then the brass instruments, bass, and percussion come in to bring the countering dissonance, and also creating a fuller sound. A kind of back and forth between consona nce and dissonance is created that keeps the listener on edge, waiting and then fulfilling their expectations. Dazzle is set up like a restaurant, except in the back of the main sitting area is

Segregation Of The United States - 1305 Words

Segregation in the United States, legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity. Segregation has been prohibited in the United States since the mid-1960s . All over America there seems to be painfully obvious difference in the school systems which cater to the upper class minority and the ones that serve the lower and middle class minority. There is a strong undercurrent of racial inequality in today s school systems, which negatively effect the quality of education that its students receive. A schools potential to give a proper education often depends on the perspective economic, and social, or should I say racial backgrounds of its students. America s school systems seem to be returning to their former state of segregation. The population of minorities who live in theUnited States is constantly increasing and their numbers can contribute to the success or the failure of the nation. Magnet schools, private schools, or suburban schools serve the upper class, minority of the American population. These schools are some of the best high schools in the nation. There are usually a small number of minority children who are lucky enough to attend such quality schools but white children defiantly make up the majority of upper class high school populations. In an article that I read from the National Catholic Reporter called A tale of two schools the authorShow MoreRelatedThe Segregation Of The United States1546 Words   |  7 Pagesof segregation in the United States. A lot has changed in the past fifty years since segregation ended. The United States shifted from arresting African Americans for using â€Å"white only† facilities to integrated schools all over the country. Influential individuals such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr helped pave the way for African Americans to live as equals to along with their white counterparts in the United States of America. What is Segregation In 1896 the United States SupremeRead MoreSegregation Of The United States1357 Words   |  6 Pagescountry is a great example of segregation because we not only segregate by race, but by gender and sexual orientation as well. America was founded on preconceived expectations of gender and race leading to a segregation of consciousness that structures opinions around the injustices of stereotypes. For years, our country prided itself on being called the melting pot of culture and diversity; when in all honesty, we are not what we claimed to be. The citizens of the United States judge everyone based onRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe United States prides itself as a nation with a government that treats its citizens with equality regardless of race and ethnicity. Based on this country’s legal actions, is that an accurate description? The people of the United States are divided into different groups based on the color of their skin. The divisions created racism and eventually led to segregation. The segregation of African Americans and white people led to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. These laws strengthened Southern segregationRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States844 Words   |  4 Pagesall believed that segregation was right when it came to the education system. When the time came to Desegreted School it was meet by resistant, but the effects of this historical movement can still be seen in the 21st century. Segregated schools began in result of the Jim Crow laws, which stated races where to have separate accommodation in public. The Supreme Court in the beginning said that segregation as was legal as long as it was equal. However, when it comes to segregation the truth is nothingRead MoreThe Segregation Of The United States938 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups that human beings can be divided into based on shared distinctive physical traits.† (Mirriam-Webster) However, ideas about race have been altered over time. There have been many laws passed that limit the number of immigrants allowed in the United States. For example, the Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed in the U.S. based on a racial census and completely excluded Asian immigrants. Only 2% of the total number of people of each nationality as of the 1890Read MoreThe Segregation Of The United States1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Union was in a state of exceedingly high tension as it spl it into two on the issue of slavery. It was a question of moral integrity and whether it should be allowed to continue. Racism permeated the institution of slavery. The color of a man’s skin did not keep him from fighting for freedom in the wars that took place in America, although it was a way white people sought to justify their mistreatment of them. Slaves were viewed as inferior beings by southern whites and as the abolition movementRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2133 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States, inequalities are an unfortunate evil that resonate throughout low-income individuals and minorities. Though these problems are sometimes viewed as coincidences, in the past and even in the present, there have been legislation put in place that have negatively affected specific populations in the US. Because of the injustices in the system socially constructed ideologies about race, ethnicity, and poverty, and our lacking health care system, many people experience inequalitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 PagesWe have issues. More specifically the United States has issues, continuous and all encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist violence—the most recent lynching-related death occurredRead MoreRacial Segregation And The United States2215 Words   |  9 Pages Racial segregation has been embedded in southern society ever since the birth of the America. However, even though documents such as Brown vs. Board of Education and the fourteenth amendment has been instituted into the constitution, we are still facing racial segregation throughout America that is unconstitutional and unjust. The south of America, especially Alabama, are facing several claims of racial tension in their prison system and their way to solve the tension between the black and whiteRead MoreRacial Segregation Within The United States780 Words   |  4 Pagespatterns of residential segregation in their attempts to answer such a question. Massey and Denton explore racial residential segregation in the United States throughout the 20th century. They argue that the making and concentration of the (African American) underclass in inner cities resulted from institutional and interpersonal racism in the housing market that perpetuates already existing racial segregation. Simil arly, Reardon and colleagues conclude that residential segregation by income level occurs

Dissertation Research Proposal Free Essays

string(108) " utilitarian approach to ethics but that managers could also develop a deontological approach to marketing\." Dissertation research proposal Table of contents Introduction 1- Problem definition/statement 2-Research goals 3-Research objectives 4-Research hypothesis 5-Dissertation organization Chapter one: Literature review Chapter two: Research methodology -Introduction 1. Recipients of the research 2. Justification of the research 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Dissertation Research Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research Methodology 3. 1. Research problem area 3. 2. Research question 3. 3. Research objectives 3. 4. Research hypothesis 3. 5. Research design 3. 5. 1. Research philosophy 3. 5. 2. Research approach 5. 3. 3. Research strategy 3. 5. 3. 1. Survey Strategy 3. 5. 4. Research method choice 3. 5. 5. Time horizon 3. 6. Population and Sample 4. Data collection, editing, and findings 4. 1. Date collection 4. 2. Data editing 4. 3. Data coding 4. 4. Limitation -Bibliography Appendices -interview outline -Time management -outline content of literature review -Email for interview -Email for questionnaire -Introduction This section outlines the background of the dissertation. In the first chapter the researcher explains the choice of the topic and the issues. In the second, the researcher will describe the methodology used during the research process 1-Recipients of the research The primary recipients of this thesis are The Dublin Business School in Dublin Through Mr. Gary Bernie, my dissertation supervisor For fulfilment of the MA Marketing 2. Justification of the research 2. 1. Interest for the subject According to Saunders et al (2012:29) one of attributes of a good research topic is that the researcher should be extremely interested and fascinated about the topic 2. 2Academic background The researcher has graduated 2 years ago with a Licence in Humanitarian Science; and a significant side of the science was about the ethics and its positive role on people and communities . 3. Personal background The researcher has a strong interest in marketing ethics as he plans a career in this environment. So he has the motivation to proceed with this paper to conclusion. About the resources, the researcher has access to an Irish environment: people, communication, companies†¦. The researcher is working part-time, so he has a flexible time to carry on his researc h The first chapter Literature review It is my belief that good marketing is ethical marketing. Good marketing is about satisfying and developing a long-term relationship with our customers. Caring about your customers not only results in profits, it is the ethical thing to do. Deceiving customers may help a firm’s profits in the short-run, but is not the way to build a successful business. Marylyn Carrigan,  Lecturer, University of Birmingham, Department of Commerce, Birmingham, UK 1- Marketing ethics concepts and theories Business ethics’ definition Business ethics can be defined as â€Å"a set of principles that guides business practices to reflect a concern for society as a whole while pursuing profits, Nisberg, 1988 (cited from: Maureen Kilcullen, Judith Ohles Kooistra, (1999) The shame side of marketing Of all the management fields, marketing is probably that which seems the most Contradictable when it comes to ethical aspect. As Smith and Quelch (1993, p. 188) suggest that some of the most fundamental concepts in marketing, when looked at Afresh, raise important ethical issues (cited from Klein Thomas, 2011) According to Marylyn Carrigan, et al (2005) In later years marketing thought has focused upon the subject of marketing ethics, and in the 1980s there was a flurry of activity by marketing scholars who attempted to evaluate conceptually the nature and role of marketing ethics. Moreover, Carrigan (2005) gave many examples of scholars discussed the issue, such as, Ferrell and Gresham (1985) developed their contingency framework to evaluate ethical decision-making in a marketing organisation, Hunt and Chonko (1984) conducted their survey on ethical dilemmas for marketing managers, and the ethical problems faced by marketing researchers. Marketing ethics philosophy Ethical marketing is about whether firms marketing decision is morally right or wrong. The morality of the marketing decision can include any part of marketing from advertising to the pricing of product or service, to the sourcing of raw materials. Like many authors, Beauchamp (1980) divided the major philosophical trends in ethics into two categories; the utilitarian approach and the deontological approach. In the utilitarian approach, the notion of ethics is related to the consequences of an action. According to this approach, the manager will attempt to produce the greatest possible amount of positive value or the smallest possible amount of negative value for the consumers affected. In the other side, the deontological approach, based on the work of the philosopher Emmanuel Kant, this approach does not consider so much the consequences of an act, but pays a lot of intention to the manner in which the act is performed (cited from Jacques Nantel et al, 1996). Definition is the problem According to Peter Drucker (1973) marketing is a discipline which provokes much debate. Very often, this controversy is linked to a lack of understanding of what the actual definition of marketing is. One definition of marketing, very often used is: â€Å"Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs and wants through exchange process; Kotler and Turner, 1981(cited from Jacques Nantel et al 1996) Jacques Nantel et al (1996) suggests that The most striking feature of this definition is its almost entirely utilitarian aspect, If we apply foundations of the utilitarian approach in ethics, one knows that an action is only ethical if it maximizes the positive consequences for the greatest number of people while at the same time minimizing negative consequences to the smallest number. An interesting case is that of sugar On the one hand, it is true that sugar is a product which responds to a gustatory need, but what about its medical and dental effect. Jacques Nantel et al (1996) states that In order to extend both the range and the degree of marketing ethics, several authors (Fraedrich  et al. , 1991; Laczniak and Murphy, 1985; Martin, 1985) have suggested that we take into account not only the utilitarian criterion which is satisfaction but also the means used to obtain this satisfaction. Suggesting a solution towards this issue Jacques Nantel states that marketing, by its very definition, is principally grounded on a utilitarian approach to ethics but that managers could also develop a deontological approach to marketing. You read "Dissertation Research Proposal" in category "Essay examples" The reason for this development that the consumer is no longer merely concerned with the satisfaction obtained from a product or service, but also with the way in which this product or service is obtained. Consider, for example, the boycotting of certain products (Canadian paper products by German consumer. According to Jacques Nantel points out there is much reason to believe that the marketing function will turn towards a deontological approach for the simple reason that, Today there is a more concerted attack from well-organised activists in the form of protest groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth or the UK Consumers Association. The Internet has opened up a route for international groups of consumers and interested bodies to co-ordinate their activity globally, and this can be seen in Web sites such as www. saigon. com/nike, the homepage of the Boycott Nike campaign, or www. mcspotlight. org the homepage of the McDonalds boycott. In response, large organisations that had previously believed themselves immune from such activity find themselves now having to defend themselves against their global critics on their own company Web sites. Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, 2001) The researcher does not see a major difference between the suggestions was produced by Fraedrich, Laczniak and Murphy (the code of ethics) and Jacques’s notion, both of them are concerned regarding the means, the means should be as ethical as the aim, but the question which will be appearing and rising, who will determine these means, is it the marketing or the consumer or the law, who will judge these means by saying there are ethic al or not. 2-The negative effect on marketing for ignoring the safety, health, and the environmental standards in children soft drinks Your brand is your lifeblood If we foul up with consumers, we do our industry considerable damage. If you put out unsafe products you will be found out, somebody will get hurt, and you will get a massively bad reputation. If you openly exploit children and you mislead children, you will be found out. We go over and above to make sure that our products are built, manufactured in the right way, because if we don’t, we lose forty or fifty years of all the hard work that we’ve built up in actually establishing these brands, because they are our lifeblood. We don’t do anything that would leave us open to suspicion, because it is not worth it; we don’t need to operate that way. We’ve built our reputation on doing things the right way, so we don’t do anything by the back door Stephen Hogan (2007) -Marketing ethics or pay the price There is evidence that companies do suffer commercially from boycotts, Shell were estimated to have lost between 20 per cent and 50 per cent of their sales during the Brent Spar boycott (Klein, 2000), and the Nestle boycott is said to have cost the firm $40 million (Nelson-Horchler, 1984). Gelb (1995) argues the power of consumer boycotts is increasing. . It has also been found that 44 per cent of the British public have boycotted a product for ethical reasons in the last 12 months (Mason, 2000). Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, (2001) Marketers are encouraged to behave in an ethical manner because information about a firm’s ethical behaviours is thought to influence product sales and consumers’ image of the company (Mascarenhas, 1995). A recent MORI poll commissioned by the Co-operative Bank in the UK suggests that one-third of consumers are â€Å"seriously concerned† with ethical issues (Mason, 2000). Within the past year, over half had bought a product or recommended a company on the basis of its ethical reputation. Smith (1995)  argues that we are now living in the â€Å"ethics era†, whereby society’s expectations of marketers have changed and we face challenges to basic marketing assumptions. Consumers are better informed, more educated and awareness is greater of consumer rights and product requirements at least in western society. Legislation has also played a part in raising consumer expectations of marketing behaviour used at the prospect of such uncharted territory -Marketing ethics or you loss long-term prospects Two Studies of scientific literature showed that ethics in the Marketing system is very important and in order to ensure good long-term prospects of the organization, it is necessary to maintain a high level of organizational moral. Ethical decisions stimulate public confidence and allow creating a favourable image of the organization, to maintain good relationship with market partners; they also increase competitiveness and the effectiveness of the marketing program (Vysniauskiene, V. Kundrotas (1999) -Four reasons to join marketing ethics Stanton, M. J. Etzel, B. J. Walker pointed out four main reasons Why marketing specialists must behave ethically: First reason; is that ethical marketing may help to increase a declining trust of society. Marketing prestige in the eyes of many people is down. Doubtful activities that are periodically made public also add to problematic issues of consumers. Despite its manifestation only in a small marketing share, reputation of all marketing specialists does suffer. So, it is very important to business leaders to demonstrate ethical responsibility assuredly. Second reason, why marketing specialists must behave ethically is that such behaviour may allow bypassing an increasing regulation of the Government. Apathy, resistance or evidence of unethical behaviour in business Directly increases a possibility of the Governmental regulation. Third reason; ethical marketing helps to regain public confidence Fourth reason, ethical behaviour allows organizations to preserve their image. The second chapter The research Methodology -Introduction 1-Recipients of the research The primary recipients of this thesis are The Dublin Business School in Dublin Through Mr. Gary Bernie, my dissertation supervisor For fulfilment of the MA Marketing 2. Justification of the research 2. 1. Interest for the subject According to Saunders et al (2012:29) one of attributes of a good research topic is that the researcher should be extremely interested and fascinated about the topic 2. 2Academic background The researcher has graduated 2 years ago with a Licence in Humanitarian Science and a significant side of the science was about the ethics and its positive role on people and communities 2. 3. Personal background The researcher has a strong interest in marketing ethics as he plans a career in this environment. So he has the motivation to proceed with this paper to conclusion. About the resources, the researcher has access to an Irish environment: people, communication, companies†¦. The researcher is working part-time, so he has a flexible time to carry on his research 3. Research Methodology 3. 1 Research problem area Kumar (2011:48) argues that drawing up research problem is the most critical part of the research process, and the reason for this is because the quality and relevance of research rely on it The topic of the thesis has been chosen according to Saunders’s guidelines. According Saunders, et al (2012:28) attributes of a good research topic should: -Fulfil your examiner’s requirements -Something you are able to deal with and enhance your creativity – develop your research skills The researcher should: – Have enough time, money, and resources for proceeding -Be able to link his topic to academic theories -Have access to information he needs The research problem area of this dissertation is about two main subjects: – Marketing ethics n children soft drink – The negative effect on marketing for ignoring Health, safety, and environmental standards The major goal is to study and analysis the negative side on marketing for ignoring safety, health, and environmental standards in children soft drink and how marketing should response to this ethical issue. 3. 2. Research question Saunders et al (2012:40) argues the researcher should developed clear conclusion from the data he gathered so that he can introduce research quest ion. The question must be involved enough so that can generate the required standards of the project The research question for this dissertation is: To what degree ignoring health, safety, and environmental standards in children soft drinks affecting the Marketing, and how Marketing should response to this ethical issue? 3. 3. Research objectives Kumar (2011) declares that the main objective is a general statement of the study and statement of the main associations and relations that you search to find and track down. The sub objective is the certain parts of the topic that you want explore within the main framework of your study. According to Saunders (2012) writing useful research objectives requires: -Transparency: the meaning of the objectives is clear Specificity (the aim of the objectives is clear and understood – Relevancy: the objectives linked to the research questions) – Interconnectivity: objectives explain the research process from the beginning to the conclusion – Answerability: the result of the research is achievable – Measurability: the aim of the research objective will be clear when i t is achieved The general objectives are: -To measure the level of negative effectiveness of ignoring marketing ethics in children soft drink -To define marketing ethics -To understand marketing ethics To explore how consumer react towards the ethical marketing issues -To determine if the marketing has responsibility in this ethical issue or not -To explain how marketing professionals should respond to tackle this ethical problem -To determine the advantages of applying ethics in marketing ethics The personal objectives are: * To learn how to set up a Master Level Dissertation * To learn more about marketing ethics and health and health and safety in children soft drink * To learn how to set up an interview * To improve the researcher knowledge regarding Qualitative and quantitative research * To validate the dissertation . 4. Research hypothesis According to Grinnell (1988:200) â€Å"A hypothesis is written in such a written in certain way that can be proven or disproven by valid and reliable data- it is in order to obtain these data that we perform our study† (cited from Kumar 2011:83) Kumar (2011) also defined couple of considerations to keep in mind when constructing a hypothesis: * A hypothesis should be simple, specific, and clear * A hypothesis should be capable of verification * A hypothesis should be related to the existing body of knowledge * A hypothesis should be operationalisable; it can be expressed in terms that can be measured Figure one: the process of testing Hypothesis Source: Kumar (2011) Research Methodology Phase 1| | Phase 2| | Phase 3| FormulateYour hunch or assumption| | Collect the requireData| | AnalysisData toDraw conclusion about that hunch- true or false| | | | | | The hypotheses set up for this dissertation are: H1: Ethical marketing is about whether firms marketing decision is morally right or wrong H2: Marketing ethics is significantly rising within marketing organization H3: Marketing ethics is facing serious problems H4: Ignoring marketing ethics will have negative effect and damage on marketing H5: Taking care of marketing ethics would lead to positive impact on the marketing H6: The numbers of consumers who have some concern about the negative consequences of marketing are increasing 3. 5. Research design Saunders et al, (2012:159) describes the research design as the general plan of how the researcher will go about answering your research questions. Saunders et al, (2012) pointed out three types of research design: * Exploratory studies Descriptive studies * Explanatory studies For my dissertation, it will be used two types of research design: exploratory and Descriptive Exploratory studies: is valuable mean to ask open questions to discover what is happening, also it is useful if you wish to clarify your understanding of problem. One of its advantages that it is fixable and adaptable to change Descriptive studies: the object of this study is to gain an accurate profile of events, persons or s ituations (Saunders2012) 3. 5. 1 Research philosophy According to Saunders (2012) there are three major ways of thinking about research philosophy: * Epistemology: positivism-realism-interpretivism * Ontology: Objectivism-subjectivism * Axiology The research philosophies have been chosen for this research positivism. According to Gill and Johnson (2010) if your research philosophy reflects positivism then you prefer collecting data about an observation reality and search for regularities and casual relationships in your data to create generalizations like those produced by scientists (cited from Saunders, 2012) 3. 5. Research approach According to Saunders (2012) there are three types of research approach: The deductive approach: It is a dominant research approach in the natural science, a theory and hypothesis are developed and a research strategy Designed to test the hypothesis Blaikie (2010) lists six steps of the approach’s process 1- Put forward a hypothesis or set of hypotheses to form a theory 2- By using existing literat ure, deduce a testable proposition 3- Examine the logic of the argument, compare the argument with existing theories to notice any advanced understanding. If it does, then continue 4- Test the logic by collecting appropriate data to measure the concepts and analysing it 5- If the result of the analysis is not consistent with the premises, and then the theory is false 6- If the result of the analysis is consistent with the premises then the theory is corroborated (cited from Saunders, 2012:145) -The inductive approach – The abductive approach For this project, the best approach is the deductive approach because the researcher uses existing theories and models to find data in order to check his hypotheses and explain the different phenomenon . 5. 3 Research strategy According to Saunders (2012) the key to your choice of research strategy is that you have to achieve a reasonable level of coherence through your research design which will enable you answer your research questions and meet your objectives. Moreover, Saunders describes eight types of research strategies: – Experiment – Survey – Archival Research â €“ Case Study – Ethnography – Action Research – Grounded Theory – Narrative Inquiry For this project, the researcher will combined two different strategies: a survey strategy and Interview 3. 5. 3. 1. Survey Strategy According to Saunders et al (2012) Survey using questionnaires is popular. Survey strategy allows you to collect quantitative data which you can analyse using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also can suggest possible reasons for particular relationships between variables and produce models of these relationships. According to Burns et al (2006) there are five advantages of Survey: – Surveys provide for standardization – Easy to administer – Help to uncover unseen data – Easy to analyse – Reveal subgroup differences For this research, the questionnaire will be administered in person. Saunders et al (2012) stated that Survey is used for exploratory and descriptive research. In this project, the questionnaire will be administered to adult population (over 18) for knowing the level of negative effect on marketing for ignoring health, safety, and environmental standards in children soft drink, and what marketing should response to this ethical issue Saunders (2012) mentioned some advantages of using survey strategy: – gives more control over the research process – Low cost – Data collected is less wide-ranging – Limited questions number – Allowing easy comparison – Easy to explain and understand 3. 5. 3. 2. Interview According to Saunders (2012) there are three categories of interview -structured interview, identical set of questions (standardised) -semi-structured interviews; interviews are non-standardised, the researcher will have a list of themes and some key questions to be covered -unstructured interviews; you use it to explore in depth a general area in which you are interested This researcher in this project will take non-standardised interview (semi-structured and unstructured interviews) According to King (2004) unstandardised interviews referred as qualitative research interviews (cited from Saunders 2012) The researcher will take face to face interview and one to one, in public places for consumers. 3. 5. 4 Research method choice Quantitative method; generally associated with positivism, and often used as a synonym for any data collection technique (such as questionnaire) or data analysis procedure (such as graphs or statistics) that generates or uses numerical data, Qualitative method; generally associated with an interpretive, and often used as a synonym for any data collection technique (such as an interview) or data analysis procedure (such as categories data) that generates or uses non-numerical data According to Blumberg et al, (2008: 218) in business research, qualitative as well as quantitative are appropriate for investigating business research problem What matters is not the choice between quantitative and qualitative, but the quality of the research design and how well the study is conducted This research will take both research methods Qualitative: Interview Quantitative: Questionnaire 3. 5. 5Time horizon Saunders (2012) identified two types of time horizon, and emphasis that the researcher should ask himself: Do I want my research to be at particular time? Or Do I want to be more related to dairy or events over a given period? -longitudinal: the main strength of this research is its capacity to study change and development -cross-sectional studies: The research will be the study of a certain phenomenon at a certain time. As this dissertation must be on restricted time, therefore, the time horizon will be cross-sectional study 3. 6. Population and Sample Saunders (2012) emphasise that it is impossible for you to collect or to analyse all data available to you owing to restriction of time, money, and access. Moreover S states that sampling techniques enable you to reduce the amount of data you need to collect by considering only data from a subgroup rather than all possible elements According to Becker (1998) in selecting a sample to study, it should represent the full set of cases in a way that is meaningful and which we can justify (cited from Saunders 2012) the full set of cases from which a sample is taken is called the population According to Saunders (2012) we should not assume that collecting data from every group(census)data from entire population would be more useful than collecting data from sample which represent the entire population because sampling provides a valid alternative to a According to Kinnear et al, (1996) the advantage of sampling rather than conducting a census is: – Saving money – Saving time – More accurate information – Avoiding the destruction of all element in the population According Teresa Brannick (1997) element refers to the subject in which we have a particular interest and population refers to the complete set of particular type of element 4. Data collection, editing, and findings The next step will be what to do with this information. How the information should be analysed, and proven. . 1. Data collection methods 4. 1. 1 Quantitative approach According to Saunders (2012:458) questionnaire must: – identify the form and layout – Pilot tested prior to their delivery -specify the information needed -the validity and reliability of your data dependents on the design of your questions -consider the wording of individual questions -arrange the question in the proper order 4. 1. 2 Qualitative approach In- depth interview According to Saunders (2012) the interviewer must be: -In proper appearance, -Use different types of questions, – In good behaviour -Good listening -Record data accurately -Able to deal with difficult participant Scope to summarise and understand -Open comments when the interview commences Interview advantages: – Flexibility. – Control of the interview situation. – High response rate. Interview disadvantages: – Higher cost – Interviewer bias – Lack of anonymity 4. 2. Data editing Data have to be edited, especially when they relate to responses to open-ended questions of interviews and questionnaires. In other words, information that may have been noted by interviewer or researcher in a hurry must be clearly deciphered so that it may be coded systematically in its entire. Lack of clarity at this stage will result later in confusion Sekaran (2003) 4. 2. 1. Questionnaire According to deVaus (2002) questionnaire is a method of data collection in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in predetermine order (cited from Saunders, 2012) According to Malhotra et al (2006) questionnaire has three objectives: -Translate the information needed to a set of questions – Should be written to minimize demands imposed on respondents – Should minimize response error Saunders stated that questionnaire is one of the most widely used data collection method within the survey strategy. He emphasise that questionnaire should has precise data so that can answer your question and achieve your objective. Moreover, he gave some guidelines in order to maximise your response rate: -Carful design of individual questions -Clear and pleasing layout -Explanation of the purpose of the questionnaire -Pilot testing Carefully planned and executed delivery and return of -completed questionnaire The researcher followed recommendations from severa l authors in particular from Cooper (2003p456) to have the best data possible by examining answers of questions given to find, if some question were forgotten or half answered or illegibly 4. 2. 2. Semi-structured interview According to Kumar (2011) we must: -Check the data is free from inconsistencies and incompleteness -Practice for interview Kumar (2011) prefers for editing data is to examine all responses given to all the questions by one respondent at a time The researcher will use an audio tape during interview as well as hand written notes to avoid problems of editing 4. 3. Data Coding According to cooper et al (2003) coding is the process of assigning numbers and other symbols to answers so we can classify them to categories. According to Saunders (2012) all data type should be recorded using numerical codes. This enables you to enter data quickly and with few errors. It also makes subsequent analyses. He recommended using existing coding scheme as they: * Save time * Well tested * Allow comparison of your results with others These codes should be included on your data collection form as pre-set codes A code book as defined by Saunders is a complete list of all the codes used to code data variable. 4. 3. 1 Questionnaire Closed questions: To analyze quantitative data Kumar (2011:257) presented four steps: -developing a code book -pre-testing the code book -coding the data verifying the code data Opened questions: There are three ways proposed by Kumar (2011: 256) to cope with the main theme found: -To examine verbatim Reponses and integrate them with text of the report to either support or contradict the argument -to assign code to each theme and count how frequently each has occurred -to combine both meth ods to communicate findings The researcher combined methods to get the best information and to be more accurate and effective 4. 3. 2. Semi-structured interview Kumar (2011: 278) explained the process as following: -Identifying the main theme -assign cedes to the main theme -classify responses under the main theme Integrate themes and responses into the text of your report 4. 4. Limitation Qualitative research Quantitative research The references -Marketing research within a changing information, Hair Joseph et al, 2003) – Research methods for business students, Mark saunders et al, London,2012 -Marketing research, Alvin c Burns et al, New Jersey, 2006 – Basic Marketing research, Naresh K Malhotra et al, New Jersey, 2006 – Marketing research, Thomas C Kinnear, U. S. A, 1996 – Marketing research, Kumar, Gorge, 2011, third edition, London, sage publication -business research methods, Boris Blumberg et al, 2008, – Business research methods, Teresa bra nnick et al,1997,u. c. -research and writing dissertation, Colin fish, 2004,U. K -management research, Mark smith, 2008, London -Cross-Cultural Evaluation Laczniak, Gene R. , Journal of Public Policy ; Marketing, 07439156, Spring93, Vol. 12, Issue -http://www. learnmarketing. net/ethicalmarketing. htm – Marketing to children, Sharon Beder, Citation: Sharon Beder, New College Institute for Values Research, Sydney, 1998, pp. 101-111 – American Market associationhttp://www. marketingpower. com/_layouts/Dictionary. aspx? dLetter=M – The myth of the ethical consumer – do ethics matter in purchase behaviour? Marylyn Carrigan, Ahmad Attalla, (2001) Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 18 Iss: 7, pp. 60 – 578 -Marketing Ethics: Onward Toward Greater Expectations. Laczniak, Gene R. Journal of Public Policy ; Marketing. Spring93, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p91-96. 6p. -Marketing ethics: is there more to it than the utilitarian approach? Jacques Nantel; William A. Weeks . European Journal of Marketing, Jan 1, 1996, Vol. 30, Issue 5 – Paul Cowell, The Marketing Review, 2001, 2, 71-87 – Marylyn Carrigan, Svetla Marinova, Isabelle Szmigin, (2005) â€Å"Ethics and international marketing: Research background and challenges†, International Marketing Review, Vol. 22 Iss: 5, pp. 481 – 493 -: Twedt, Dik Warren. Journal of Marketing. Oct63, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p48-50. 3p. Children and business: pluralistic ethics of marketers,Michelle Bergadaa, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, HEC – University of Geneva, Geneva, – Sharpen up your soft options. Batham, Matthew, Caterer ; Hotelkeeper; 10/14/2004, Vol. 193 Issue 4345, p70-70, 1p, 1 Color Photograph -Business of ethics, Laura P. Hartman,2005, third edition. -Business of ethics, John Fraedrich, Linda Ferrell, 4 edition,2000. -Ethics and conduct of business, John R Boatright,2006,5edition -Business ethics, Andrew Crane, 2007, 2 edition. Appendixes Appendix1 Letter as king for an Interview Dear I am completing a master in Marketing with Dublin Business School and I am setting up a research. You are invited to participate in a research study. The purpose of this study is to understand the reactions of the customers towards the marketing for ignoring the safety and health in children soft drinks. I am asking you to help me by allowing an interview to discuss about this issue. I would like to share your opinions and ideas about the above subject the interview will take about 15 minutes. Could you please contact me or give another contact which could be able to answer my questions. Your participation is vital for the study, for my dissertation and for my graduation If you have any quiries please feel free to contact me on 0851229419 or by Email at alzleetny@yahoo. com I hope to hear from you soon Thank you for taking time to help Fawzi alshike 9 drinaghmore court Ballyogan Appendix 2 A letter asking to fill the questionnaire Dear all I am completing a master in Marketing with Dublin Business School and I am setting up a research. You are invited to participate in a research study. The purpose of this study is to understand the reactions of the customers towards the marketing for ignoring the safety and health in children soft drinks. So I am asking for your help in completing the enclosed questionnaires which is part of my research. Your response is important in enabling me to obtain as full as understanding as possible of this topical issue. The questionnaire should only take about 5 minutes to complete. Please ensure the questions in the space provided. If you want to add further comments, please feel free to do so. Your participation is vital for the study, for my research and for my graduation. Please send me back the questionnaire to my personal Email. Pleas fill out the questionnaire by the 20 of this month. Thank you for taking time to help me. Fawzi alshike fawzionly@gmail. com Appendix 3 Outline of my literature review 1- The marketing ethics concepts and theories 2- The negative side on marketing for ignoring the health and safety in children soft drink Appendix 4 Timetable management 1 –their opinion about the health and safety in children soft drink 3- is marketing responsible for this ethical issue 4- -what should marketing do to tackle the problem – How to cite Dissertation Research Proposal, Essays

Managing Employee Motivation-Free-Samples-myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disucss about the different aspects of Employee Motivation by analyzing the various life events of Tiger Woods. Answer: Introduction Employee motivation is an intrinsic approach to maximize the work related activities in the context of the employees. Motivation can enhance the energy and the activities of the individuals that enable them to achieve their goal (Mikkelsen, Jacobsen and Andersen 2017). This study deals with the life of a famous character named Tiger Woods in order to analyze the behavior of the individuals and their characters. However, different live events of Tiger Woods will lead the learner to understand the self-motivation process that is crucial for the employees to develop themselves personally and professionally in their career. Tiger Woods a well known American golfer among the highest paid athletes hence, his behavior and life events will be the good example for the employees to maximize their performance in the working sectors. Brief discussion of the characters of Tiger Woods Tiger Woods a popular golfer of America has been selected in this study to underpin the different aspects of employee behavior and employee motivation. Tiger Woods was born on 30th December in the year of 1975. He is a professional American golfer among the highest paid athletes. Tiger got the U.S Junior Amateur Champion when he was 15 years old. His name was enrolled in the Stanford University under the golf scholarship. However, at the age 20 Tiger became the first golfer of U.S who has won three consecutive Amateur titles of U.S. After that he won the NCAA championship of the individual goal. However, the professional career of the Woods is a good example of the employees to prepare them for self-motivation. In the year 1996 Woods signed with Nike, Titleist, and Inc in order to complete the advertising deals (Smh.com.au 2017). Woods gained fame in the fashion market and he is popular as the record breaking youngest winner in the fashion market. At the age 24, he made greatest performance in the golf history that led him to obtain career Grand Slam. However, due to his continuous brilliant performance in the golf history, he has been addressed as Sports Illustrated Sportsman. The major work of Woods shows that he won 79 official PGA tour money events. Hence, his name was inducted into the California Museum due to his brilliant performance in the golf history. However, many challenges occur to Woods beside his success that he has overcome due to his confidence and continuous effort. A knee surgery in the year of 2008 compelled him to take a short break from his sports life. However, such things failed to decrease Wood's energy level, as a result, he came back in 2009 and has shown brilliant performance by winning Presidents Cup. However, some personal issue and scandals hamper his professional career as the result many sponsors have canceled their deal with him that is the dark night of his life at the end of the year 2009 (Boomerangbooks.com.au, 2017). In the year 2013, he won WGC Championship that ensures that Woods never give up in any situation. As commented by Kala (2017), following the life events of the famous person people individuals are able to get strengths, which enable them to get confidence in their work. However, life events of the Tiger Woods are the good evidence for the individuals that lead them to understand the way through which they can achieve their target. Often individuals get confused in their life as well as in their professional career, as a result, they fail to cope up with the challenges (Bro, Andersen and Bllingtoft 2017). Hence, different works of Tiger Woods is a good example for the people that motivate their characters. Characters of Woods enable the employees to learn how to turn their hobbies into their professional career. As for example, Woods has made the good relationship between his passion and his profession and both are beneficial for him in his character motivation. Hence, it can be said that Tiger Woods is the suitable example for the employees to analyze their behavior and their cha racters that are crucial for their motivation. Application of Quotes and examples of Tiger Woods to analyze their behavior and use of Course theory Tiger Woods is a good example for the individuals in order to motivate themselves in their work. Achievements on the golf course are not what matters, decency and honesty are what matter. This is a popular quote of Tiger Woods that highlights on the honesty of a person. Hence, from this quote, it can be said that that employee should be honest in their work and they need to concentrate on their honesty rather than achieving the target. As commented by Chmiel, Fraccaroli and Sverke (2017), honesty is a crucial part of professional career if people are honest in their work then they can easily reach towards the success. Hence, honesty and decency are two essential things that allow the employees in self-motivation. Another popular quote of Woods is No Matter how good you get you can always get better, and thats the exciting part, which highlights on the self-confidence of the employees. According to Kanfer, Frese and Johnson (2017), self-confidence is a big part of employee motivation. However, such quote focuses on the character's motivation of the Woods as this ensures his confidence level that leads him to achieve success in his career. Hence, by following such quote individuals will maximize their confidence level that influences them in their work by getting better performance. Employees often fail to make them flexible with the different working environment that affects their performance. As argued by Strauss, Parker, and O'Shea (2017), flexibility is a big part of professional career if the individuals are not flexible then it is difficult for them to achieve success. As for example, Woods has a tendency to never give up and he tries to take challenges in his life. This feature of Woods motivates his character and makes him adjustable with any environment in his career. Such behavior of Woods is the guideline for the individuals that easily motivate them by changing their behavior. Therefore, Woods is a target oriented person that makes his ways easier in his professional life. Hence, this feature of Woods highly influences the employees in their work as if the employee set a specific target and objective then it can easily motivate their characters and insists them in their work. Application Maslows hierarchy theory in motivation Maslows hierarchy theory is a popular content theory of employee motivation Physiological needs is the first component of Maslows theory, which focuses on the basic needs like food, shelter and so on that are vital for the individuals (Minola, Criaco and Obschonka 2016). Hence, in the context of Tiger Woods, he has fulfilled to his basic needs through his athletic profession. Therefore, safety needs are the second element of such theory that is required after completion of the physiological needs (Wojtaszek 2016). Social belonging is the third element of such theory that is associated with the family, friend, and fame. In the context of Woods, he has got fame as a golfer and enriched with family and friends in his life as his professional career helps him to get large friends in his life. Next self-esteem focuses on self-respect hence, Woods has achieved respects from his fans as he is a well-known athlete in America. Moreover, self-actualization is the last element of such theory, w hich motivates the people to achieve more as seen in the case of Woods. The each factor of Maslow's theory is highly applicable in Woods life as he has obtained each element of such theory that ensures that Wood is highly motivated by such theory in his professional and personal life. On the other hand, such theory is suitable for the employee motivation as for example, managers can motivate their employees by providing them the proper salary, incentives, financial and not financial rewards. These managerial actions can easily fulfill the each motivational factors of Maslow's theory and employees are able to fulfill their physiological, safety, social belonging needs that motivate them easily (Thibault Landry et al. 2017). Figure 1: Maslows hierarchy theory (Source: Thibault Landry et al. 2017) Equity theory Equity theory is a process theory that focuses on the input that the employees give and the output that the employees get through their work (Bernardino 2017). As for example, Woods as famous golfer got opportunity and promotion in his career. This highlights the output that he has got from his work. On the other hand, he is responsible for his work and provides huge effort by taking challenges in his professional career, which ensures his effortless input in his work. As mentioned by Tadi? Vuj?i?, Oerlemans and Bakker (2017), a transparent relationship is required between the employee contribution and the benefits of the employees regarding their work. However, flexibility, loyalty, hardworking are the examples of employee contribution while job security, reputation, and salary are considered as the outcomes regarding a job. Hence, the managers need to take actions by providing job assurance, proper salary structure, and respect to their employees. However, such managerial actions can highly motivate the employees as these provide satisfaction to the employees in their work, which are the fundamental requirements of the employees. Explanation of the advice for the chosen character Providing non-financial reward is effective for the famous person to motivate them in their work (Wallace et al. 2017). However, in the context of Tiger Woods, he is a popular golfer hence; the nonfinancial reward will be more effective for him in comparison to financial reward as it can fulfill the self-esteem factor of the individuals. As for example, in the Maslow theory self-esteem leads the people to feel respected and valued in the society that motivates the people quickly. Hence, more awards will be effective for Woods to motivate him properly. Therefore, promotion in the work and proper environment will be effective for Woods motivation. As per the Equity theory promotion and reputation are the motivational factors that increase the motivation of the people. Hence, for Tiger Woods, promotion and fame in his profession will be the good motivational approach for him. As argued by (Sekhar, Patwardhan and Singh 2016), breach of trust and low confidence often demotivate individuals in their work. As for example, in the case of Woods, his personal issues and some scandals in his life led him to face challenges in his professional career. Many sponsors rejected their business deal with him due to the breach of trust. Hence, such incident may decrease the motivation in the context of such person. Therefore, huge fame often causes lack of concentration hence; popularity can hamper the self-motivation of Woods. Comparison between the previous thought and present perspectives regarding the motivation Motivation is crucial for the individuals to develop them personally and professionally (Seifert et al. 2016). However, it has been learned that motivation can be done through different methods that attract the concentration of the employees in their work. In the previous time, people focus on the financial reward process to motivate the employees. Hence, it has been understood that motivation can be done through the non-financial reward besides providing the financial reward as seen in the context of Tiger Woods. However, reputation motivates such person besides providing him the financial reward. Therefore, proper organizational policies, job security, and infrastructure are needed to motivate the employees. However, if the employees get positive working culture then they can easily motivate towards the organization. Development of trust and confidence are crucial factors of employee motivation that has been discovered through the study. As for example, Woods faced many challenges in his professional life, however; his self-confidence and trust enable him to take such challenges successfully. Thus, it can be said that motivation of the employees by using significant ways are used to develop them in their career. Conclusion This study reveals the different aspects of employee motivation by analyzing the various life events of Tiger Woods. It has been received that Tiger Woods is one of the highly paid athlete in America and he made popular evidence in the golf history. Therefore, Maslow's motivational theory and the Equity theory are associated with such character to evaluate his self-motivation. Therefore, such two theories are useful for the managerial actions to increase the employee motivation. Moreover, Woods can be a significant example to analyze the behavior of the employees and the suitable motivational process for them. References Bernardino, A., 2017.Telecommuting: Modelling the Employer's and the Employee's Decision-Making Process. England: Taylor Francis. Boomerangbooks.com.au. 2017.Tiger Woods Lorne Rubenstein. [online] Available at: https://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/unprecedented/tiger-woods/book_9780751568004.htm [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. Bro, L.L., Andersen, L.B. and Bllingtoft, A., 2017. Low-hanging fruit: Leadership, perceived prosocial impact, and employee motivation.International Journal of Public Administration,40(9), pp.717-729. Chmiel, N., Fraccaroli, F. and Sverke, M. eds., 2017.An Introduction to Work and Organizational Psychology: An International Perspective. London: John Wiley Sons. Kala, C., 2017. 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