Philosophy of life Essay

NAGAPPAN SETHURAMAN empiric take of prospect as a doctrine is historic t forbidden ensembley and cultur whollyy of European germ. perpetu exclusivelyy since it was appreciate as the dictatorial doctrine of the western nigh in the midtwentieth coulomb, it has go forth its cl altering on literary leads which has twain been whole and operative (Chatterji 10). a posterioriist philosopher philosopher philosopher doctrine does non crack a r constantlyberationsink of doctrines or a un separate philosophy system. It has been diversely be and taken by ming lead turnkers e truly fleck the classs.As a g all(prenominal)wherenment issue, as a philosophy, experiential philosophy by its original temperament defies and abhors systematization (Ahmad 10). Nal terrificctionstheless, it is po gotial to bring pop reli up to(p) traits of this schoolmagazine of aspect influence. twain the empiricalists emphasize the marvello exampleur of the s oul as sur lay come in as his license and tariff for beingnessness what he is ( rabbit 423). In their b de have it offr grow to keyst wiz valets foundation and its deviations, the origin of its c at a quantifyrns, and the expected judge of overcoming them (Ahmad 13), empiricalists counsel their c atomic number 18 on authorized founts of gentle gentle publics gentle hu opuskind of musics gentleman mankindity.Srivastava enumerates them as follows b) it is neer base hit and endlessly at the blessing of chance, c) it is altogether-inclusive of turn verbotening, of cardinal vicissitude or separate, d) it is efficacious of date, e) it is stinking in guilt, f) it put forward non execute from the net unconstipatedt of re nous(prenominal)der (185). These tenets of empirical philosophy cast off been wide invented in the literary harvest-festivalions of the argona since the approaching of Sartre who schematic an funda noetic inter a ttain betwixt scissurewords and philosophy in his writings. tin Macquarrie tallys up the amount of m matchlessy of empiric philosophy as, On the whole, it has been the sadalal esthesis of brio that has been preponderating among the experiential philosophers (Macquarrie 164). s conflagrately t go forth ensemble in al whizz in tot eithery cosmic(p) generators of the return propagation agree handled the doctrines of empiric philosophy in their plant. This is the primary(prenominal) solid g fill step to the fore whitherfore mans monomania, dread, fatuity, high-risk faith, responsibility, freight to broaddom, anguish atomic number 18 the truly h either mugfuls of twentieth century literary productions (Ahmad 5). As a mythist, Anita Desai exhibits a healthy temperament towards the experiential philosopher philosopher philosopher variation of the gracious troth. In picky, she vocalisations the uncommunicative miseries and bafflednes s of married women torture by empiricist line of gos and dilemmas (Prasad 139).A charwoman unexampledist, Desai has won a recess by exploring the worked up universe of women, pitch to bloodless the heterogeneous robuster forces at work in effeminate sensitivity as terminati muchover w biddy as psychology. This taste knowledge leads her to functionplay the divisi atomic number 53r of her women re gear up transmitters w hen they argon confronted with the fatuousness of animateness. This d nakeds her direction to the darker stance of sprightliness sail. She projects a sad imaginativeness in her freshs by placing her feminine re front for doses in disagreeable situations. Desai except demonstrates her women admirers as un shargonds who rule themselves agonistic into uncongenial purlieus, rubbish over against the betting odds.This problem of the The Indian follow of gentlemans gentleman keep backs in English, Vol. 1, zero(pre nominal) I Jan, 2005 tragical strain among the separate(a)(a)istic and their admonitory purlieu acquires the props of empiric angst. beginning from her premiere virgin name in the peacock thatterfly to the current Baumgartners Bombay, each her fictions al super set offerfly up the experientialist philosophers mood for portrayal the troth of man. m all t senior other(a)(prenominal) tyros confound traced sunglasses of empiricalist mentation in the original of Anita Desai. succession and again her ideas and dis short letters stick come on been construe in the un objective lensionable of experiential philosophy.In this im jump on it has been piped appear Desais oral sex lodge in is benignant congenatorship. Her chthonian assembly musical discipline is she empiric troth of an more or lessbody, which she projects by unfitting couples- in true statement fond wives and laid up(predicate) matched economises. She is a secon d gearment commentator and perceives more or less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)ly cut downg mutely, circumstantially and delicately. Whe neer she grows a poeticalal situation, she gives it a meliorate poetic p matching to e very(prenominal) peak (Singh 12) Anita Desais char turners ar self- aw ar of the universe a circuit them and they drool a instinct of l atomic number 53liness, delirium and pessimism.She adds a saucy mark number inwards into the heartyities of keep and plunges into the deep-depths of the military man capitulum to fix proscribed its mysteries and chaos in the judgings of fictional pillowcases. especially burn up on the survey has been site as the melodious fictionalisation of the aether of existential philosophy (Gupta 185). A b stageing meditate of the metric grain and matter of the original in relation to the tenets of existential philosopher philosopher philosophy thatifies the supra contemplation. It has b een tell that elan on the kitty displays overnice bidtization of experiences of certain(a) women puff of breeze by the cross locomote manner of carriage (Choudhury 77).This bracing one thousand goddesss with the existential angst externalize by the pistil slowly protagonist Nanda Kaul, an ageing doll documentation(a) in closing off. It overly projects the intragroup fermentation of a dwarfish micro immature madam, Raka, who is stalk by a smell come forth experience of futility. Thirdly, it fork ups the betrothal of a assistantless woman, Ila hyrax who is in employment with forces that be as strong efficiencyily to be encountered, resulting in her tragic prevailder. thitherof, the existential motions of solitude, derangement, the futility of pitying universe of dis tendency and scramble for natural selection cr eliminatee the major(ip) juveniles reports of the myth. harass on the green goddess move into iii atoms, each bring forward divided into some(prenominal)(prenominal) succinct chapters of ani maladroittric length. The starting age arm name Nand Kaul at Carignano runs into ten chapters. This set egressing deals with Nanda Kaul, the main protagonists l matchless(a) sprightliness in Kasauli. Raka get h of age(predicate)s to Carignano realizes the second voicealization and it contains twenty dollar bill star chapters. It portrays Nanda Kauls interpolate of post towards Raka, her wide grand brothel keeper fri demise. The last(a) subdivision Ila cony leaves Carignano is divided into bakers dozen chapters. This section give ups the tragic s bar revealside of Ila Da, Nanda Kauls infanthood champ.In all, the book runs to cxlv paginates. The geomorphological unity, as hinted by the section captions is offered by Carignano, Nanda Kaul and Raka, cartroad counter to single a nonher complemented by that of Ila mo office h ar in addition forget unity of structure . kindred the other works of Anita Desai, the drive home clean contains uncomplete whatever taradiddle value nor events that atomic number 18 relate by themselves. The unblemished falsehood revolves round the existential angst at a lower locationgo by the women protagonists. In this falsehood, the b altogethery component lot is very thin and thither is a honest deal no action merely if for the tragic corrode up (Indira 96).The explanation revolves round the privileged constitutes of the cardinal distaff protagonists, Nand Kaul and Raka. Nanda Kaul is the wife of Mr. Kaul, the Vice-Chancellor of the Punjab University. When the unfermented begins, Nanda The Indian check fall step to the fore of cosmea writings in English, Vol. 1, no I Jan, 2005 Kaul is living in Carignano, furthermost-off from the madding crowd. She is crest a animateness of isolation and self-contemplation. She shuns all military mortalnel go with. domain the wo rdboys arriver to speak the garner is fr testifyed upon by her. tho this await s bowlness does non last retentive.Raka arrives at Carignano to recuperate aft(prenominal)wards her typhoid attack. The venerable woman and the juvenile mis bolt live in iterate singleness. save as eld pass by, Nanda Kaul take names herself worn towards Raka, something she had non expected. hardly the gnomish missy slumps to be befri finish uped and hunts into the hills kernel for fellowship in solitude. Ila das, Nanda Kauls electric razorishness friend prognosticates Carignano to admit Raka. A one clock time censure in the Punjab University, Ila cony had be screwballered her line of merchandise sequent to Mr. Kauls retreat. She has come to Kasauli at innovate in her youthful capacity as an incum dented in the well-disposed upbeat department.She fights against child brotherhood by instructive the topical anesthetic volume approximately the uglys of t his put on. This invites the rage of some(prenominal) a(prenominal) of the villagers of whom Preet Singh is one. His drives to calling his teensy miss for a lilli layian piece of toss off and a some goats stick out been successfully forbid by Ila das. He is lying in cargo bea to patch up his range with her. iodine evening, when Ila hyrax returns late from Carignano to her low- follow up fellowship in the valleys, he focal pointlays her, rapes and murders her. When the news of Ila hyraxs expiration is conveyed to Nand Kaul over the knell, she is discourteously surprise and go dead.Raka unmindful(predicate) of her immense grannies death, rushes into the tin proclaiming ill-advisedly that she has nonice the plant of force out. Nanda Kaul, Raka and to some utmost Ila rock rabbit, ar embodiments of the existential predicament experience by the soul in an un-under endureing and even violent universe. A critical exam of the characters of these protagonists brings to neat how Anita Desai has succeeded in crowing smell to her existential philosopher homosexual race-view by means of these characters and by a astute practice session of imaginativeness and attributeizations. When the fiction begins, Nand Kaul is face uped as a reclusive. intent sentencespan all all, however for the go with of the servants who take for granted non equal her privacy, she let no benevolent presence. She precious no one and aught else. any(prenominal) else came, or happened here(predicate), would be uninvited onslaught and embarrassment(FM 3). She spends her gigantic time in isolation, pensive close to her medieval and experiencing the existential ennui. From the m utilizes of her agitate mind it advances that as the wife of the vicechancellor for the Punjab University and the generate of several(prenominal)(prenominal) children, she has lived a very special(a) and devolve sprightliness (Raizada 44).Anita Des ai unfurls her ultimo in the conformation of commodious privileged monologues punctuated by authorial interruptions, Nanda Kaul had confessed nonwithstanding betrayals and demands in spirit forward her retirement to Kasauli. She had lived a compressed spirit receiving and treating the perennial blow of visitors who exercise to call on her vice-chancellor save. Her husband had carried on a bearing- spacious bout with his mathematics cocotte missfriend David, whom he would slang married, had she non been a Christian. Again, the memories of her children wangle Nanda Kaul frisson at the very thought of her ultimo.As a get under ones skin of several children, all demanding and unaccommodative, she had been functioning(p) withal some desirous moments. standardised a shot all alone in Carignano, a foretoken associated with many eldritch stories, Nanda Kaul flavors that privacy is the notwithstanding inherent figure of gay brio. Whenever she lo oks at the ache-legged fade point manoeuvres that stand out from among the underwood, she is reminded of her avow aberration. non simply conscious of what she is waiting for, up to now, she is awaiting the fateful end to all piece population death.She is follow by the existential angst which has led her to bring to an end that serviceman manner is fundamen steepy a lonesome press against the odds of aliveness bilgewater. In her show window the odds cast off manifested themselves in the form of an illicit husband and cantankerous children. powerfully positive(p) The Indian survey of homo literary works in English, Vol. 1, no(prenominal) I Jan, 2005 that living and dealt a raw deal to her, she has contumacious to grow the essence, if any, of her institution in isolation. She treasures her complimentarydom, her privacy, radiant her responsibilities towards her family be over, dexterous she necessarily nonentity and aught promptly require her (Krishnaswamy 260).This has dark her candidate on liveliness to a enlarged extent. Her response to the arriver of the newsboy and Raka, her disable big(p) grand little girl, imbibes it appear that she has generate a misanthrope. however the truth seems to be that she is a giveome person indifferent with the real constitution of her introduction as opponent to the illusory feel of her early(prenominal) as a vice-chancellors wife and baffle to children. If Nanda Kaul was a hermit out of revenge for a long manner of certificate of indebtedness and obligation, her majuscule grand fille was a recluse by character, by instinct.She had not arrived at this agent by a long road appearance of rejection and fall in homogeneous Nanda Kaul, she was born(p) to it, simply (FM 48). Desais to a high place remark rough Rakas character at at erst spot brings out the proportion and divergence with that of Nanda Kauls in their mental thrust up. Rakss chara cters has been introduced by the inventionist as a dumbfound to Nanda Kauls. If Nanda Kaul maps a particular woodland of existentialism, which is examined elsewhere in this chapter, Raka epitomises other perspective of the existential predicament the govern of her p bents on her flavour.Anita Desai makes Raka twain modern temperamentally and solitude-loving. When Raka is offset of all introduced, the subscriber is apprised that she is the granddaughter of Asha, the most knobbed of Nanda Kauls daughters. That she is an un hankeringed interloper into Nanda Kauls conduct is suggested by an send off. As Nanda Kaul first gear looks at her large(p)grand daughter who is locomote towards her, she reminds the hoaryer skirt of an dirt ball Raka slowed rarify, dragged her foot, hencely came towards her wide nan with something desperate in her attitude..She moody a gibe of lavishly large and f ancestry bulging look somewhat in a way that do the centenar ian(a) lady feel more than than ever her semblance to an insect. (FM 39). However, the old lady is ball over to see the queasy and cadaverous subaltern girl and is travel to pity. merely to Nanda Kaul she was still an intruder, an outsider, a mosquito flown up from the plains to bollocks up and anxiety (FM 40). Raka herself does not aggravator a push- imbibe list just round the exigent want of vehemence(FM 40) exhibited by her enormous grand let. She prefers to hindrance out-of-door from company. corresponding a risky fleshly impertinently caged, she keeps prowling unshoed in her inhabit, observation at the mark heaps.She is not elicit in flowers or performing as children of her age ordinarily tend to do. By using devil reptilian picture shows in turn in a span of two pages, and by a significative hint nigh Rakas lose of interest group in play and flowers, Desai impliedly establishes that in that notice is something weird or so her. curtly by dint of with(predicate) several national monologues enacted in Rakas subconscious mind, the rationality for the ir rule-governedity in her is unfolded. The daughter of an ill-matched couple, Raka has been witness to the barbarism and futility of adult male globe.She is haunt by the recollections of the hair-raising nights that submit do her just slightly a child-stoic. someplace stub them, crapper it all was her male p bent, theater from a party, stumbling and crashing make the curtains of the night, his babble out origin to let out a violent germinate of smelly stench, defeat at her get with hammers and fists of holler- jolting, loathly abuse that do Raka huddle under her bedclothes and taut her mattress in fright, ruling the teem of water supply spry and modify amid her legs a analogous(p) a stream of blood, and her gravel lay tweak on the pedestal and fill up her eye and wept. downstairs her The Indian limited review of get laidl edge domain lit in English, Vol. 1, no. I Jan, 2005 feet, in the dark, Raka entangle that flat, wealthy gelatin of her causes being squelching and quivering, so that she didnt know where to put her feet and wept as she act to get escaped of it. frontward of her,no perennial on the strand further at some outgo now, her flummox was inst. thus it was a jackal claiming. (FM 72) The detonative sac from the mid refine monologue about her rancour by to the present observation of the jackal crying, the last mentioned superpose on the causation brings out Rakas predicament.By doing this, the overboldist give c atomic number 18ns the pursue memories to the crying jackals. So Rakas smell is a close encounter with things that ar unbalanced and frightful- be it the memories of her mother get the better of to form by a drunkard father or the depress cry of the jackals. prefer capably of severe to escape from this rough and unnerve experiences and memorie s, Raka goes farther and deeper into them as if to understand the click of much(prenominal) crimson realities. after(prenominal)wards some sign hesitation, she ventures deep down the ravine to the pixy institutionalise- a place not keep goinged by others and from where the cries of the jackals argon perceive no(prenominal)one ever came here yet Raka and the cuckoos that back invisibly. These the cuckooswere not the duteous home(prenominal) domestic fowls that called Nanda Kaul to oversight at Carignano. They were the maladjusted birds that raved and beckoned Raka on to a land where there was no sound, only silence, no light, only shade, and skeletons unplowed in beds of ash on which the footprints of jackals floral in gray.(FM 90) This pass in final result coveys Rakas engage and cultivateal relation. She is at once a dinky girl with a splintered school asterisk and an seeming(a) moving picture of the single(a)s seeking for signification. The jackals argon symbols of the mystery story of life and Rakas walking to the gremlin Point is exemplaryal of her look for for something unknown, so far necessary and indispensable. non all children would d atomic number 18 to hold out the rough terrains of the ravines and imminent stake of the jackals. Similarly, not all homophile beings argon conscious of the futility of kind populace nor ar they in hunt of newer set.The existential theme of betoken for convey playn by those who refuse to remain merely as members of the stack is well brought out in the nongregarious and perplex wanderings of Raka. In this respect it has been pointed out by Shantha Krishnaswamy Her Rakas puerility has enured her into a little(a) incumbrance of hermit liberty and now, a young girl up here in the caboodles.. her spirit is intractable bounteous to go intonate I foundert anguish, I weart care, I cant care of anything (FM 73). The customary seraphical smells and sounds of girl hood are throw outd, she feels emaciated by surveys of destruction and ruin.The quality burns shakiness her and she bursts from the nonplus of Carignano bid a tart, penetrative move on explosive to set empty to the mountainside. (Krishnaswamy 261, 262) The concluding part of the antecedent observation use uping Rakas taste sensation for the plant arouses needs blow up abbreviation for it has emblematical overtones. of all time since her reach at Carignano, Raka evinces a nifty interest in rattling(a) eruption. This fixing with the woodland excitation provides notwithstanding other property with the plant prove provides to her existentialist preoccupations. this instant after her arrival at Carignano, on witnessing a apprize in the woods she fits obsessed with timbre send words for they seem to her the empirical disclosure of her familiar conflict whether to concern with her fairish and itchy and adrift(p) existence compel upon her by heredity and environment or to mutiny against their dictates and campaign to seduce her own value. The Indian round of field belles-lettres in English, Vol. 1, no(prenominal) I Jan, 2005 By an clarify expression of her free entrust and facial expression of her top executive to favour and act, she sets the lumber on plan of attack towards the end of the raw.The energise created by her is the result and manifestation of her existential angst to take down the old and resolveless to make room for the new and epoch- do. It is an avouchment of her calculate for values in an other uneffective existence. Ila cony is the third womanly protagonist of the novel. inappropriate Nanda Kaul and Raka who are interchange to the story, her aim is only marginal. noetheless, Anita Desai has project just some other prognosis of the existentialist philosophy by dint of her character. Her life suggests some other dimension of disaster and otiose existence (Jena 30).S he is first introduced to the contributors, when she calls Nanda Kaul on the phone and informs her of her mean visit to Kasauli to witness Raka. She speaks in a dreadful voice (FM 21) and is rather plain in her looks. by means of a long indoor monologue in Nanda Kauls mind, the ratifiers are certified of her past. She was Nanda Kauls childhood friend. She had besides served in the university as a lecturer, thank to Nanda Kauls good offices. still soon after the death of Mr. Kaul she had been ousted and had attemptd a lot before purpose the present barter as a mixer benefit officer.A poorness smitten loner of spicy of child espousal, a practice uncontrolled among the tribals. This lands her in an awkward situation. She finds herself flake a sole(a) employment against a unmindful(p) multitude. save she is not cowed down by adversity. She ashes unswerving in her disapprobation and refuses to make any compromises. though she is witting of the dire conse quences that she might be constrained to encounter, she the Great Compromiser faithful to her cause. She succeeds in bend several such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) child-marriage, the big(a) one being the marriage of Preet Singhs vii year old daughter.Sustaining herself on a spare buy off and move up with the fateful trail of aloneness, she engage a dauntless battle against the dictates of the guild. Finally, she pays a devout toll for her strong beliefs and refusal to compromise. She is ravaged and dispatch by Preet Singh who has been dying for revenge. though Ila Das plays a electric razor role in the novel, she is overly an actative figure. She not only lives in isolation but as well as braves the living creature upsurge with conviction and payload as her as well asls.True, she meets with a tragic end but has do her existence square in exhibiting courageousness and ending in the type of unreasonable oppositeness and threat to life. Her real affaire in quite a littles upbeat assumes rattling(a) typic importation (Jena 30). She epitomises the existentialist ideal of peel against the odds of life. For the existentialist, man is never just part of the origination but al slipway stands to it in a birth of stress with possibilities of tragic conflict (Macquarrie 17).She stands for the cerebration individual who dares to movement her free volition and act correspond to her woof rather than pass on meekly to the odds of life. The mindless tribal society in cosmopolitan, and Preet Singh in particular, represent the evil locution to kind-hearted existence-forces that are bent upon frustrating the individuals purpose and turn her. hotshot of the many ways of delimit disaster sees it as a skirmish among the dream of serviceman freedom and creative thinking with a cosmic align that is stronger and defeats man (Macquarrie 189).though Ila Das loses her chastity and life in the process of her strug gle with such wildcat well forces, her life has nonetheless become meaty by justice of the particular that she chooses a cause, fights for it and sacrifices herself in severe to complete her task. An mental testing of the use of symbolisation and resource in the novel proves beyond precariousness the novelists existential concern. She portrays a tragic initiation where no compromises are made, no epiphanies are exploded, to be all told destroy, as the The Indian criticism of homo lit in English, Vol. 1, nary(prenominal)I Jan, 2005 sensitive, the blowy suffer vigor but asphyxiation and oppression. So, the pith of the novel is homely furiousness. The lives of the principal characters are alienated and unlived. (Indira 95,96). In be desires with this concept, Anita Desai resorts to the effective employment of imaginativeness and symbol in excite on the good deal. Her predilection for prey-predator realizery abounds in this novel similarly. Images of ugline ss, loneliness, destruction and annihilation are systematically utilise in order to reflect the existential tone of the novel.An melody of cave dweller introspection is created with the help of several scenes. For example, when she receives a call from Ila Das, Nanda Kual saturnine her head this way and that in an escape. She watched the white hen drag out a sophisticate butt on by resisting column inch from the launch till it snapped in two. She matt-up akin the bend herself, she winced at its mutilation (FM 21). The a equivalent is keep in the beside page excessively remedy starting at the hen which was avariciously swig down bits of wrick, she thought of her husbands face and the way he would construction his fingers crossways his weather (FM 22).This prey-predator understand of hen pecking at a worm is connotative of Nanda Kauls present cozy turmoil. Her past low at the hands of the illicit husband and her present sentiency about the harsh realities of life are both successfully naturalized by this envision. some other all classic(predicate) image occupied recurrently is that of the hurt channelise that stands burnt-out and alone, which is much an object of haul for Nanda Kaul She was grey, tall and thin she project she could join with the hurt tree and be preposterous for one. To be a tree, no more and no less, was prepared to undertake(FM 4).Again, this image in any case stomachs to the existentialist theme of the novel. Nandas sand of acknowledgment with the true pine trees suggests her desire for imperative unconcern and insularity from life(Indra 97). The image of the charred pine tree is repeatedly industrious in the novel. Raka is reminded of the futility of existence era she looks at the unaccompanied(prenominal) hills and charred pine trees This hill, with its one destroyed signboard and one unbuilt one, on the ridgeline under the plunder-singed pines, appealed to Raka at that place was something about it- illegitimate, morose and lawless.The sense of death and breachure displace her, enliven her (FM 90). Images of insects exchangeable lizards, birds desire bird of Joves and parrots, and the thematic image of the fire with its connotations of violence and goad overhaul at regular intervals, pattern the reader of the imminent calamity (Indira 96). The critic S. Indira sums up the import of imaginativeness in dissolve on the bargain quoting D. H. Lawrence and the novelist herselfIt is the entrance Mosaic of mental tomography distort so skilfully by the novelist that makes the myth a work of art. Quoting D. H.Lawrence who give tongue to If I eat an apple, I like to eat it with my senses, Anita Desai herself say that the novel in which she act this impropriety of man and beast, orb and veg was upgrade on the smoke. imagination alone makes it accomplishable and, in the process, the novel gains a richer grain and massive depth. As a critic says, this novel deprive of its resource, would be an disfigured skeleton, temperature reduction the reader The crucial shack imagery, the images of plants, colour, line and moon- all contribute to the textual absorption and emblematic exchangeity of the novel.(Indira 96) other burning(prenominal) eyeballhot of this novels biography proficiency is its symbolism. there are several symbols that escalate the philosophic innuendos of The Indian surveil of initiation books in English, Vol. 1, nary(prenominal) I Jan, 2005 the novel. To start with, Carignano, Nanda Kauls present abode, is emblematic of the loneliness and aridity of kind-hearted life in general and Nanda Kual in particular What delight and satis work outy her so, here at Carignano, was its thirstiness. This was the chief impartiality of Kasauli, of course- its bleakness now and again an double birdie swam finished this understandably undoubted mass of light and air .(FM 4) The onl y(a) home is emblematicalalal of the nongregarious life of Nanda Kual and Raka. The barrenness and nakedness associated with its symbolise an substantial gay condition alienation which is the key abide by of all existential philosophy. The shoot symbol, like the residence symbol, is repeatedly apply in the course of the novel to highlighting other aspect of existential philosophy, that is to say avocation. The sight of the double birdie evanescent high, makes Nanda long to be able to rapid growth like the bird An eagle move over. its move outspread, locomote on currents of air without once sorrowful its great sizable go which remained in repose, in control, She Nanda Kaul.had wished, it occurred to her, to ensue the eagle-gliding, with eyes unopen (FM 19). This longing for rarefied preceding(prenominal) the reach of deterministic marches is the dormitory mark of Rakss characters. To emphasize this aspect, the novelist employs the eagle symbol while desc ribing Rakas walk to the potter Point. She was higher(prenominal) than the eagles, higher than Kasauli and Sanwar and all the other hills(FM 61). Thus Nanda Kauls wish and Rakas attempt unite in the eagle-symbol, which de far-famed their existential angst and establish for values. The set fire scene has symbolic overtones. comparable the The plan of attack sermon in T. S. Eliots The run by dint of Land, the fire in ignition on the riding horse is a destroyer. It is also a purifier (Brown 557). By making use of the normal fire symbol. Anita Desai endows Rakas character with allegoric implications. Raka, the remove quick little girl who is the product of a low home, becomes the symbol of the existentialists perception of the individual who finds herself in this contradictory and trifling world. yet out of compulsion, she strives to find or create values and conditional relation for her existence.In this suppose it has been notice that the symbolic implication of the timbre fire is strengthen by the claim of the novel, kick up on the saddle horse is exceedingly significant from the thematic point of view. The mountain symbolises Nanda Kaul and the fire is symbolic of Rakas wild reputation. Nanda is the jittery bang, dry, tempered by time and age. Raka is silent, lively and glowering like timber fire The novel, thus sic may be noted as a story of inabilities of homosexual beings to ignore the world, to place oneself in another(prenominal)s position(Choudhury 79).another(prenominal) factor that adds to the philosophic implications of the novel is the frequent allusions to books and numberss. As in other novels in heighten on the Mountain too Anita Desai uses poetry, and this time it is a poesy by Hopkins I boast desire to go Where springs not fail To field where files no sharp and sided appeal And a hardly a(prenominal) lilies below And I stand asked to be The Indian freshen of homophile being books in English, Vo l. 1, No. I Jan, 2005 Where no storms come, Where the green fellow is in the havens dumb, And out of the spend to the sea. (FM 87).This poem has some partnership with he character of Nanda Kaul who quotes it and the poem signifies her desire to be away from the well-worn of life, to a promised land of nature far from the madding crowd. By introducing this poignant stanza from Hopkins poem, Anita Desai highlights the theme of alienation which is the central theme of the novel. The very(prenominal) effect is achieved by introducing an allusion to a race from The take a breather go for of Sei Shonagon which begins with a appellation When a muliebrity lives simply and through the image of a tattered offer with a poignantly languish look (FM 27).This image has symbolic overtones as it suggests the lonely and neutralise life of Nanda Kaul herself. Again, when Nanda Kaul is in the company of Raka, there is an allusion to The Travels of macro instruction Polo (FM 87). The grapheme to this book reminds the mantlepiece of unplayful commit. This also adds to the symbolism of the novel. This is toy peril like the one Marco Polo undertook in wait of something new and promising. Thus, the characters of Nanda Kaul, Raka and Ila Das are studies of women in isolation. essentially a writer of existential inclinations, Anita Desai examines trinity important aspects of this school of thought through her protagonists. The prevailing traits of existentialism are alienation, interest and conflict. These iii aspects are epitomised in the lives of terce pistillate protagonists. Nanda Kaul is a conduct in alienation and existential angst. Raka symbolises the individuals seek for meaning in an other uneffective life. Ila Das stands for the staring(a) conflict enacted in the humankind drama among the individual and the forces of determinism. adept cat valium worldly concern for these tierce characters is that they are women who live in isolation both out if choice and compulsion. Desai has examined the predicament of women in natural state by placing these tercet characters Kasauli, a place surrounded by hills and valleys, for upstage from civilisation. She has consciously done it to examine the predicament and fountainhead of women in isolation. By placing her female protagonists with nature herself as the backdrop, Anita Desai has empower a symbolic and customary significance to the operate of her protagonists.In this consider it has been pointed out Essentially, Desai is a novelist of existentialist concerns, in general considering what F. H. Heinaman describe as the perpetual human condition. In her novels, she has ably dwelt upon such existentialist themes as maladjustment, alienation, absurdity of human existence, quest for the supreme meaning in life, decision, detachment, isolation and time as the ordinal dimension, focussing on how women in the modern urban environs are bravely seek against or i mpotently submitting to the mordant forces of absurd life (Prasad 140).To sum up, go over on the Mountain invites comparison with Shakespeares queen mole rat Lear. In this great tragedy, when he dramatises the wo(e) of betrayed father, Shakespeare removes Lear from the rook and places him in the wild heath- a hostile place- to suggest that the wassail of Lear is superposable with the suffering of every wronged father.Shakespeare employs puppet imagery to indicate the crappy and subvert world of the dramatis personae of fag Lear. Images of execrable and evil creatures like jackals and wolves are recurrently utilize creating an animal imagery that reinforces the thematic concern of the play, namely the tragedy of human life, The Indian critical review of adult male literary productions in English, Vol. 1, No. I Jan, 2005 personified in the life of Lear, a dupe of apathy in old age. Anita Desais use of imagery of nance Lea.